Movies with mention to LGBTQ+ on plot-keywords [1909-2019]

IMDb was the only source from which data was extracted. The sample was constructed using the tool search engines, filtering “feature films” (over 45 min of lentgh), excluding “adult titles” and excluding “released”. In order to obtain a comprehensive length of time, all productions from 1895 to December 2019 were included according to a search carried out in March 2020. To collect only those films that could have detailed information, the number of items was limited to those with over 50 user ratings (N = 119809) as a way of minimally controlling the popularity of the published work. In the resulting sample (N = 1768), the presence of descriptors in the field “plot” was coded, designating different terms related to the LGBTQ+ community. Those included the following terms and their variants with similar etymology: homosexual (homo/homosexuality), gay, lesbian, trans (transsexual, transgender) and queer. After adding those productions that had a descriptor term from this list in the keywords field, the total of the items corresponding to these categories was 9409 films. This decision responds to the need to reflect in the sample films in which there is representation of the group, but it is not necessarily part of the plot or is revealed through the course of it. It is also supported by the documentary tradition, according to which keywords tend to overlap with the plot or summary (La Barre & de Novais Cordeiro, 2012, p. 241). The following information was extracted from each item (movie): • Production by country and production by language in each year. In co-productions, only the first producing country was considered and the other countries discarded. • Identity of the group (gay, lesbian, trans, etc.) as per the plot keywords. Several identities and expressions such as transsexuality and transgender have been included under the label “trans” as it was impossible to recognize the correct expression from the labels provided by IMDb. • Cinema genres. Using the first two descriptors, a list of genre pairs was created, which were later grouped into 13 generic categories, as per the formal qualities of the theme: Drama (any combinations of the drama category that were not included in other categories), Comedy (combinations including comedy that were not considered in other categories), Action/Adventure, Melodrama (Drama + Comedy), Horror, Crime (including thrillers), Fantasy (including Science Fiction), Biography (in both fictional and documentary forms), Documentary (excluding biographies and fake documentaries but including News), Romantic Comedy (Romance + Comedy), Animation (excluding documentary formats) and Music/Musical feature films. • Age ratings. Parental Advisory guidelines have changed significantly over the decades, from the first classifications in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States to today. In order to establish a suitable comparison, the descriptor provided by IMDb, which is usually established by the MPAA (Motion Picture Association of America), was used. When this was omitted, the descriptor used was determined as per the recommended age: Universal, Parental Guidance (PG), 12-13, 14-16, 17-18, as well as X and banned, according to the historical equivalence as provided by IMDd (2020). Data was pooled to consider evolution by historical periods and trends in a single group or correlational ex post facto design. Subsequently, the data was analyzed with the statistical package SPSS v.26. To visualize the main trends from the data, Tableau 2020 software was used.本数据集仅以互联网电影数据库（IMDb）作为唯一数据源。样本构建依托搜索引擎工具完成：筛选时长超过45分钟的故事片（feature films），排除成人题材条目与"released"类作品。为覆盖完整的时间跨度，结合2020年3月的检索结果，纳入1895年至2019年12月期间的所有影视制作作品。为仅保留具备详细信息的影片，将样本条目限定为用户评分量超过50的作品（N=119809），以此最小化控制作品的传播热度。 在最终得到的样本（N=1768）中，研究人员对"plot"字段中与女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者及酷儿（LGBTQ+）群体相关的描述词进行编码。相关术语及其词源相近的变体包括：homosexual（homo/homosexuality）、gay、lesbian、trans（transsexual、transgender）及queer。在纳入"keywords"字段包含上述列表中任一术语的影视制作作品后，对应此类别的总条目数达到9409部。此样本构建逻辑旨在覆盖展现LGBTQ+群体形象的影片，即便相关内容未直接融入剧情或随剧情推进才得以展现。该处理方式也符合纪录片研究的传统范式——关键词通常与剧情或剧情概要存在重叠（La Barre & de Novais Cordeiro, 2012, p.241）。 本研究从每部影片条目中共提取以下信息： • 出品国家与出品语言（按年度统计）。对于联合制片作品，仅统计首个出品国，其余出品国不予纳入。 • 基于剧情关键词的群体身份标注（如gay、lesbian、trans等）。由于无法从IMDb提供的标签中准确区分transsexuality与transgender等表述，故将此类身份均归入"trans"标签下。 • 电影类型。首先选取前两个类型标签构建类型对列表，随后根据主题的形式属性将其归类为13个通用类别：剧情片（未归入其他类别的剧情类组合）、喜剧片（未归入其他类别的含喜剧元素的组合）、动作/冒险片、情节剧（Drama + Comedy）、恐怖片、犯罪片（含thrillers）、奇幻片（含Science Fiction）、传记片（含虚构与纪实两种形式）、纪录片（不含biographies与fake documentaries，但含News）、浪漫喜剧片（Romance + Comedy）、动画片（不含documentary formats）以及音乐/歌舞故事片。 • 年龄分级。近几十年来，家长指导评级指南历经显著演变，从英国、德国与美国的首批分级体系发展至今日的标准。为确保跨时段对比的合理性，本研究采用IMDb提供的评级标签，该标签通常由美国电影协会（MPAA, Motion Picture Association of America）制定。若该标签缺失，则依据IMDb（2020）提供的历史对应标准，按建议观影年龄确定分级：Universal、Parental Guidance（PG）、12-13、14-16、17-18，以及X级与禁映级。 本研究通过合并数据，采用事后回溯（ex post facto）设计，分析单一群体的历史演变与趋势特征。随后，借助统计软件SPSS v.26对数据进行分析；为可视化呈现数据中的核心趋势，使用了Tableau 2020软件。