Antidiabetic activity evaluation of Onobrychis species on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

In the current study, four Onobrychis species, O. albiflora Hub.-Mor., O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss., O. galegifolia Boiss., and O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. were collected from Anatolia to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Methanol water extracts of the aerial parts were used for experiments. An alloxan-induced diabetic mice test model was used. Phytochemical analysis of the tested extracts was investigated using the HPLC method. The highest activity was observed with treatment of O. albiflora aerial part extract. Significant decrements were detected in the blood glucose levels as follows: 180.83±47.48 and 252.83±50.47mg/dL at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of O. albiflora, respectively, when compared to the isotonic saline solution control group, eliciting a blood glucose level of 494.20±27.32. Among the tested standard compounds, rutin and isoquercetin were detected in the examined species. The highest amount of rutin (1.1981±0.0017%) and isoquercetin (0.7318±0.0197%) were found in O. albiflora and O. argyrea subsp. argyrea, respectively. Antidiabetic activities of the tested Onobrychis species seem to indicate a possible correlation with their rutin and isoquercetin contents. Therefore, rutin and isoquercetin may be the antidiabetic compounds that contribute to the antidiabetic activity of the tested Onobrychis species.本研究从安纳托利亚地区采集了4种驴食草属（Onobrychis）植物，分别为白花驴食草（O. albiflora Hub.-Mor.）、银叶驴食草原亚种（O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss.）、山羊豆叶驴食草（O. galegifolia Boiss.）以及图尔纳福尔驴食草（O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv.），旨在评估其抗糖尿病活性。本实验采用供试植物地上部分的甲醇-水提取物开展研究，并以四氧嘧啶（alloxan）诱导的糖尿病小鼠作为实验模型。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对受试提取物进行植物化学组分分析。结果显示，白花驴食草地上部分提取物的抗糖尿病活性最为显著。与血糖水平为494.20±27.32mg/dL的等渗生理盐水对照组相比，分别以100mg/kg和200mg/kg剂量给予白花驴食草提取物后，小鼠血糖水平分别降至180.83±47.48mg/dL和252.83±50.47mg/dL，血糖下降效果显著。在检测的标准化合物中，芦丁（rutin）与异槲皮苷（isoquercetin）可在所有供试物种中被检出。其中芦丁含量最高的物种为白花驴食草，含量达1.1981±0.0017%；异槲皮苷含量最高的物种为银叶驴食草原亚种，含量达0.7318±0.0197%。供试驴食草属植物的抗糖尿病活性似乎与其芦丁和异槲皮苷含量存在潜在相关性，由此推测芦丁与异槲皮苷可能是赋予供试驴食草属植物抗糖尿病活性的关键活性物质。