Caravan - A global community dataset for large-sample hydrology

This is the accompanying dataset to the following paper https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-01975-w Caravan is an open community dataset of meteorological forcing data, catchment attributes, and discharge daat for catchments around the world. Additionally, Caravan provides code to derive meteorological forcing data and catchment attributes from the same data sources in the cloud, making it easy for anyone to extend Caravan to new catchments. The vision of Caravan is to provide the foundation for a truly global open source community resource that will grow over time. If you use Caravan in your research, it would be appreciated to not only cite Caravan itself, but also the source datasets, to pay respect to the amount of work that was put into the creation of these datasets and that made Caravan possible in the first place. All current development and additional community extensions can be found at https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan Channel Log: 23 May 2022: Version 0.2 - Resolved a bug when renaming the LamaH gauge ids from the LamaH ids to the official gauge ids provided as "govnr" in the LamaH dataset attribute files. 24 May 2022: Version 0.3 - Fixed gaps in forcing data in some "camels" (US) basins. 15 June 2022: Version 0.4 - Fixed replacing negative CAMELS US values with NaN (-999 in CAMELS indicates missing observation). 1 December 2022: Version 0.4 - Added 4298 basins in the US, Canada and Mexico (part of HYSETS), now totalling to 6830 basins. Fixed a bug in the computation of catchment attributes that are defined as pour point properties, where sometimes the wrong HydroATLAS polygon was picked. Restructured the attribute files and added some more meta data (station name and country). 16 January 2023: Version 1.0 - Version of the official paper release. No changes in the data but added a static copy of the accompanying code of the paper. For the most up to date version, please check https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan 10 May 2023: Version 1.1 - No data change, just update data description. 17 May 2023: Version 1.2 - Updated a handful of attribute values that were affected by a bug in their derivation. See https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan/issues/22 for details. 16 April 2024: Version 1.4 - Added 9130 gauges from the original source dataset that were initially not included because of the area thresholds (i.e. basins smaller than 100sqkm or larger than 2000sqkm). Also extended the forcing period for all gauges (including the original ones) to 1950-2023. Added two different download options that include timeseries data only as either csv files (Caravan-csv.tar.xz) or netcdf files (Caravan-nc.tar.xz). Including the large basins also required an update in the earth engine code 16 Jan 2025: Version 1.5 - Added FAO Penman-Monteith PET (potential_evaporation_sum_FAO_PENMAN_MONTEITH) and renamed the ERA5-LAND potential_evaporation band to potential_evaporation_sum_ERA5_LAND. Also added all PET-related climated indices derived with the Penman-Monteith PET band (suffix "_FAO_PM") and renamed the old PET-related indices accordingly (suffix "_ERA5_LAND").本数据集为以下论文的配套数据集：https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-01975-w Caravan是一款面向全球流域的开放社区数据集，涵盖气象强迫数据（meteorological forcing data）、流域属性数据（catchment attributes）与径流数据（discharge data）。此外，Caravan还提供了基于云端同源数据源推导气象强迫数据与流域属性的代码，便于使用者将Caravan扩展至新的研究流域。Caravan的愿景是打造一款真正意义上的全球开放社区资源基石，并随时间不断发展完善。 若您在研究中使用Caravan数据集，恳请同时引用Caravan本身及其源数据集，以致敬为构建这些源数据集付出的辛勤工作——正是这些工作才使得Caravan得以问世。 所有当前开发进展与社区扩展内容均可访问：https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan 获取 版本更新日志： 2022年5月23日：版本0.2 - 修复了将LamaH站点ID从原始LamaH标识符重命名为LamaH数据集属性文件中以"govnr"字段提供的官方站点ID时出现的错误。 2022年5月24日：版本0.3 - 修复了部分美国"CAMELS"流域的气象强迫数据缺失间隙问题。 2022年6月15日：版本0.4 - 修复了将CAMELS-US中的负值替换为NaN的问题（CAMELS中以-999表示观测值缺失）。 2022年12月1日：版本0.4 - 新增了美国、加拿大与墨西哥境内的4298个流域（属于HYSETS数据集的一部分），总流域数量增至6830个。修复了流域属性计算中的一处错误：部分情况下会错误选取HydroATLAS的汇流点多边形。重构了属性文件结构，并新增了部分元数据（站点名称与所属国家）。 2023年1月16日：版本1.0 - 论文正式发布版本。数据集本身未做改动，新增了论文配套代码的静态副本。如需获取最新版本，请访问：https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan 2023年5月10日：版本1.1 - 未修改数据集内容，仅更新了数据说明文档。 2023年5月17日：版本1.2 - 更新了一批因推导过程存在错误而受影响的属性值。详细信息可访问：https://github.com/kratzert/Caravan/issues/22 查看。 2024年4月16日：版本1.4 - 新增了9130个原始源数据集站点，这些站点此前因面积阈值限制未被纳入（即流域面积小于100平方千米或大于2000平方千米的流域）。将所有站点的气象强迫数据时间范围扩展至1950-2023年（包含原有站点）。新增两种仅包含时序数据的下载选项：分别为CSV格式（Caravan-csv.tar.xz）与NetCDF格式（Caravan-nc.tar.xz）。由于新增了大流域数据，同时更新了地球引擎（Earth Engine）相关代码。 2025年1月16日：版本1.5 - 新增了FAO彭曼-蒙特斯潜在蒸散发（potential_evaporation_sum_FAO_PENMAN_MONTEITH）数据集，并将ERA5-LAND的潜在蒸散发波段重命名为potential_evaporation_sum_ERA5_LAND。同时新增了基于彭曼-蒙特斯潜在蒸散发波段推导的所有PET相关气候指数（后缀为"_FAO_PM"），并将原有的PET相关气候指数重命名为带"_ERA5_LAND"后缀的形式。