Fermentation characteristics of elephant grass silages with macaúba cake

ABSTRACT. The elephant grass presents problems during the fermentation of the ensiled material, being necessary use of additives. This study aimed to evaluate the population of yeast and filamentous fungi, enterobacterias, contents of acetic and butyric acids and ethanol production, in elephant grass silages added with different levels of macaúba cake at opening times. This was a 3 x 6 factorial completely randomized experimental design, with three inclusion levels of the macaúba cake (0, 10 and 20%) and six opening times (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 days after ensiling), with four replications. For all the studied variables, there was a difference in the interaction among levels and times, and an increasing linear behavior only for the contents of acetic acid, for the other variables, the behavior was quadratic. The elephant grass silages produced acetic acid, which in turn inhibited the production of yeast and filamentous fungi. There was a small development of enterobacterias only in the first opening times, and low production of butyric acid and ethanol, which indicated a material with good fermentative characteristics. The macaúba cake contributed to improve the anaerobic fermentation process, but it was not as expressive for the parameters evaluated in this work.摘要：象草在青贮发酵过程中存在工艺难题，需辅以添加剂进行调控。本研究旨在评估添加不同剂量马夸巴饼（macaúba cake）的象草青贮饲料，在不同开封时间点下的酵母菌与丝状真菌种群数量、肠杆菌（enterobacterias）含量，以及乙酸、丁酸含量与乙醇生成量。本实验采用3×6因子完全随机试验设计，设置3个马夸巴饼添加水平（0%、10%、20%）与6个开封时间点（青贮后1、5、10、20、40、60天），每组设置4次重复。所有研究变量均呈现添加水平与开封时间的交互效应差异；仅乙酸含量随因素变化呈递增线性趋势，其余变量均呈现二次曲线变化规律。象草青贮饲料可生成乙酸，而乙酸会抑制酵母菌与丝状真菌的增殖。仅在早期开封时间点检测到少量肠杆菌增殖，且丁酸与乙醇生成量较低，表明该青贮物料具备优良的发酵特性。马夸巴饼有助于优化厌氧发酵过程，但对本研究评估的各项参数提升效果并不显著。