NISAR|地球观测数据集|合成孔径雷达数据集

The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) project is a collaborative effort between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). NISAR represents a groundbreaking venture in Earth observation, leveraging advanced radar technology to provide unprecedented insights into the dynamics of the planet’s surface. At its core, NISAR is designed to deliver high-resolution, all-weather, day-and-night imaging capabilities, making it a powerful tool for monitoring and studying various Earth processes. The mission aims to enhance our understanding of critical phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanoes, subsidence, and other geophysical events. By employing dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar, NISAR will generate precise measurements of surface deformations, facilitating comprehensive studies of Earth’s changing landscapes. The project’s significance lies not only in its technological prowess but also in its global impact. NISAR is expected to contribute significantly to climate research, ecosystem monitoring, and disaster management. The collaboration between NASA and ISRO underscores the international scientific community’s commitment to advancing our knowledge of Earth and addressing global challenges collaboratively. As NISAR progresses towards its anticipated launch, the project stands as a testament to the cooperative spirit of space exploration, bringing together the expertise of two leading space agencies. Through its cutting-edge technology and interdisciplinary applications, NISAR promises to be a valuable asset for scientists, researchers, and policymakers alike, fostering a deeper understanding of our planet’s dynamic processes. The NISAR satellite has two fully capable synthetic aperture radar instruments (24 cm wavelength L-SAR and 10 cm wavelength S-SAR). NISAR InstrumentationPlanned Launch Date2025Orbit Altitude747 kmOrbit Inclination98.4ºRepeat Cycle12 daysTime of Nodal Crossing6 AM / 6 PMOrbit Control< 500mPointing Control< 273 arcsecPointingLeft (south)L/S Duty> 50% / 10%Baseline Mission Duration3 yearsConsumables5 yearsData and Product AccessFree and openWavelengthL-band: 24 cmWavelengthS-band: 9 cmSAR Resolution3-10 m mode-dependentSAR Modes The L-band SAR is capable of 242-kilometer swaths with 7-meter resolution along-track (the direction of travel) and 2- to 8-m resolution cross-track, depending on the viewing mode. This radar comprises 24 L-band transmit/receive array elements in 2 rows, 12 per polarization. The 12cm wavelength S-band SAR supplied by ISRO is the secondary radar and comprises 48 S-band transmit/receive array elements in 2 rows, 24 per polarization. NASA provides a high-capacity solid-state recorder (approximately 9 Tbits at end of life), GPS, 3.5 Gbps Ka-band telecom system, and an engineering payload to coordinate an imaging swath greater than 150 miles (240 km). This design permits complete global coverage every 12-days,

NASA-ISRO合成孔径雷达（NISAR）项目系美国国家航空航天局（NASA）与印度空间研究组织（ISRO）之间的一项协作倡议。NISAR项目代表着地球观测领域的一次划时代尝试，它利用先进的雷达技术，为揭示地球表面动态提供了前所未有的洞见。NISAR的核心目标是提供高分辨率、全天候、昼夜成像能力，从而成为监测和研究地球各种过程的有力工具。该任务旨在深化我们对地震、火山、沉降以及其他地球物理现象等重要现象的理解。通过采用双频合成孔径雷达，NISAR将生成地表形变的精确测量数据，从而促进对地球不断变化的景观的全面研究。NISAR项目的重要性不仅体现在其技术优势上，还在于其全球影响力。NISAR预计将为气候研究、生态系统监测和灾害管理作出重大贡献。NASA与ISRO之间的合作凸显了国际科学界致力于共同推进我们对地球知识的理解以及应对全球挑战的决心。随着NISAR项目朝着预期的发射日期迈进，它已成为太空探索合作精神的象征，汇集了两大领先航天机构的专长。凭借其尖端技术和跨学科应用，NISAR有望成为科学家、研究人员和政策制定者的宝贵资产，促进我们对地球动态过程的更深入理解。
NISAR卫星配备有两个完全功能的合成孔径雷达仪器（24厘米波长的L-SAR和10厘米波长的S-SAR）。

NISAR仪器
计划发射日期：2025年
轨道高度：747公里
轨道倾角：98.4°
重复周期：12天
节点穿越时间：上午6点/下午6点
轨道控制：<500米
指向控制：<273弧秒
指向：左侧（南侧）
L/S任务：>50% / 10%
基线任务持续时间：3年
消耗品：5年
数据和产品访问：免费和开放
波长：L波段：24厘米
波长：S波段：9厘米
SAR分辨率：3-10米，模式相关
SAR模式：
L波段SAR能够实现242公里的条带宽度，在沿航向具有7米的分辨率，横航向具有2至8米的分辨率，具体取决于观测模式。该雷达由24个L波段收发阵列元素组成，分为两行，每极化12个。
ISRO提供的12厘米波长的S波段SAR作为辅助雷达，由48个S波段收发阵列元素组成，分为两行，每极化24个。
NASA提供高容量固态记录器（使用寿命结束时约为9Tbits）、GPS、3.5 Gbps的Ka波段电信系统以及一个工程有效载荷，以协调超过150英里（240公里）的成像条带。这种设计允许每12天实现全球覆盖。