Probable awake bruxism - prevalence and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive activity of masticatory muscles, characterized by the clenching or grinding of the teeth, which can occur during wakefulness (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism). Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of awake bruxism and its associated factors. Methods: Sample was composed by 50 participants of both genders, aged between 18 and 60 years, submitted to a clinical examination - to observe the presence of tooth wear, marks on the mucosa, or masseter muscles hypertrophy - and self-applied questionnaires, which evaluated the presence of TMD signs and symptoms, oral behaviors, lifestyles, anxiety level and sleep quality. Results: The prevalence of awake bruxism was 48%. Its presence was statistically and significantly associated with the presence of signs and symptoms of TMD (p=0.002), poor sleep quality (p=0.032), buccal mucosa indentations (p<0.001) and tongue (p=0.011). Age, gender, social characteristics, habits (such as coffee ingestion, smoking, alcoholism and physical activity) and tooth wear were variables that had no significant association with awake bruxism. Conclusions: It was concluded that awake bruxism shows a high prevalence and a positive association with signs and symptoms of TMD and worst sleep quality. In addition, awake bruxism is more likely to occur in individuals who have buccal mucosa indentation and who present high rates of oral habits and oral behaviors.

摘要
引言：磨牙症（Bruxism）被定义为咀嚼肌的重复性活动，以牙齿紧咬或磨动为特征，可发生于觉醒期（觉醒型磨牙症）或睡眠期（睡眠型磨牙症）。
研究目的：本研究旨在明确觉醒型磨牙症的患病率及其相关影响因素。
研究方法：本研究纳入50名年龄介于18至60岁的男女受试者，所有受试者均接受临床检查以观察牙齿磨损、黏膜印记或咬肌肥大情况，并填写自填式问卷，问卷内容涵盖颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）体征与症状、口腔行为、生活方式、焦虑水平及睡眠质量评估。
研究结果：觉醒型磨牙症的患病率为48%。其发生与颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）体征及症状（p=0.002）、睡眠质量不佳（p=0.032）、颊黏膜压痕（p<0.001）及舌部压痕（p=0.011）存在统计学意义上的显著关联。年龄、性别、社会特征、各类习惯（如饮用咖啡、吸烟、酗酒及体力活动）与牙齿磨损均与觉醒型磨牙症无显著关联。
研究结论：本研究结论表明，觉醒型磨牙症患病率较高，且与颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）体征与症状、睡眠质量较差呈正相关。此外，存在颊黏膜压痕及口腔习惯、口腔行为发生率较高的个体更易发生觉醒型磨牙症。