IMOS - SOOP-Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Sub-facility - Near real-time data

The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) sub-facility aims to enable accurate, quality controlled, SST data to be supplied in near real-time (within 24 hours) from SOOPs and research vessels in oceans worldwide. Remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST) data is an important input to ocean, numerical weather prediction, seasonal and climate models. In order to improve calibration and validation of satellite SST in the Australian region, there is a need for high quality in situ SST observations with greater timeliness, spatial and temporal coverage than is currently available. Regions particularly lacking in moored or drifting buoy observations are the Western Pacific Tropical Warm Pool region (Indonesia), close to the Australian coast (including Bass Strait) and the Southern Ocean. Current ship SST observations from ships of opportunity (SOOP) are either of questionable accuracy or difficult to access in a timely manner. There are five vessels carrying automatic weather stations (AWS) that participate in the Australian Volunteer Observing Fleet (AVOF) program and two vessels equipped with a newly designed system for real-time SST data acquisition. Their routes include the Southern Ocean, coastal Australia (Queensland to South Australia), Bass Strait, Pacific Ocean, South-East Asia and the Tasman Sea. Four AVOF vessels with hull-mounted temperature sensors (Sea Bird SBE 48) and one with a digital oceanographic thermometer (Sea Bird SBE 38, L'Astrolabe) are supplying high-quality bulk SST data hourly. There is also one passenger ferry that is currently taking SST measurements using the high-accuracy SBE 38 sensor (SeaFlyte, Hillarys Harbour-Rottnest Island), and one near real-time SST data stream available from a small research vessel operated by CSIRO near the south-east coast of Western Australia (Linnaeus). All SST data are being quality assured, placed on the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) and fed into the Bureau of Meteorology's near real-time satellite SST data validation system and operational regional and global SST analyses. Additionally, there are historical SST observations from four vessels which are not currently available in real-time: passenger ferry MV Fantasea, Whitsundays area, radiometer and bulk SST (November 2008 to March 2010); two AVOF vessels: MV Iron Yandi (February 2010 to January 2011) and PV Pacific Sun (December 2010 to July 2012); and one Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS), MV Pacific Celebes which has been carrying high-quality scientific equipment (January 2008 to March 2012). The data represented by this record are presented in near real-time.

海面温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）子设施旨在为全球海域内的机会航次船舶（Ships of Opportunity, SOOP）与科研船舶提供经质量管控的精准SST数据，数据时效可达准实时（24小时内）。遥感海面温度数据是海洋数值天气预报、季节与气候模型的重要输入参数。为优化澳大利亚区域内卫星SST的定标与验证工作，亟需获取时效性更强、时空覆盖范围更广的高质量原位SST观测数据，以弥补现有数据的不足。当前锚定浮标或漂流浮标观测数据尤为匮乏的区域包括西太平洋热带暖池区（印度尼西亚海域）、澳大利亚近岸海域（包括巴斯海峡）以及南大洋。当前来自机会航次船舶（Ships of Opportunity, SOOP）的船舶SST观测数据，要么精度存疑，要么难以实时获取。目前有5艘搭载自动气象站（Automatic Weather Station, AWS）的船舶参与澳大利亚志愿观测船队（Australian Volunteer Observing Fleet, AVOF）计划，另有2艘船舶配备了全新设计的实时SST数据采集系统。这些船舶的航行航线覆盖南大洋、澳大利亚沿岸（昆士兰州至南澳大利亚州）、巴斯海峡、太平洋、东南亚海域以及塔斯曼海。4艘AVOF船舶搭载了船载温度传感器（Sea Bird SBE 48），另有1艘配备了数字海洋测温仪（Sea Bird SBE 38，L'Astrolabe），它们每小时均可提供高质量的块体SST数据。此外，目前有1艘客运渡轮正采用高精度SBE 38传感器开展SST观测工作（SeaFlyte，希勒尔斯港-罗特内斯特岛航线）；另有1艘由澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO）运营的小型科研船舶，在西澳大利亚州东南近岸海域提供准实时SST数据流（Linnaeus号）。所有SST数据均经过质量管控，已上传至全球电信系统（Global Telecommunications System, GTS），并接入澳大利亚气象局的准实时卫星SST数据验证系统以及业务化区域与全球SST分析系统。此外，另有4艘船舶的历史SST观测数据目前暂无法实时获取：包括运营于惠森迪海域的客运渡轮MV Fantasea，其搭载了辐射计与块体SST设备（2008年11月至2010年3月）；2艘AVOF船舶：MV Iron Yandi（2010年2月至2011年1月）与PV Pacific Sun（2010年12月至2012年7月）；以及1艘志愿观测船（Voluntary Observing Ship, VOS）MV Pacific Celebes，该船自2008年1月至2012年3月搭载了高精度科研设备。本记录所涵盖的数据均以准实时形式发布。