DNA Barcoding for the Identification of Sand Fly Species (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Colombia
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Sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. Approximately 163 species of sand flies have been reported in Colombia. Surveillance of the presence of sand fly species and the actualization of species distribution are important for predicting risks for and monitoring the expansion of diseases which sand flies can transmit. Currently, the identification of phlebotomine sand flies is based on morphological characters. However, morphological identification requires considerable skills and taxonomic expertise. In addition, significant morphological similarity between some species, especially among females, may cause difficulties during the identification process. DNA-based approaches have become increasingly useful and promising tools for estimating sand fly diversity and for ensuring the rapid and accurate identification of species. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I (COI) is currently being used to differentiate species in different animal taxa, including insects, and it is referred as a barcoding sequence. The present study explored the utility of the DNA barcode approach for the identification of phlebotomine sand flies in Colombia. We sequenced 700 bp of the COI gene from 36 species collected from different geographic localities. The COI barcode sequence divergence within a single species was
白蛉（sand flies）是一类具有医学重要性的昆虫类群，其地理分布、生态学特征及病原体传播能力均存在差异。目前哥伦比亚已报道约163种白蛉。监测白蛉物种的存在情况并更新其物种分布数据，对于预测白蛉可传播疾病的风险、监测此类疾病的传播范围扩张具有重要意义。当前，毛蛉亚科白蛉（phlebotomine sand flies）的鉴定主要基于形态特征，但形态学鉴定需要具备扎实的专业技能与分类学经验。此外，部分物种间（尤其是雌性个体间）存在显著的形态相似性，这会给物种鉴定过程带来不小困难。基于DNA的检测方法已逐渐成为评估白蛉物种多样性、实现快速准确物种鉴定的有效且极具前景的工具。目前，线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene subunit I, COI）的部分序列被广泛用于区分包括昆虫在内的不同动物类群的物种，该序列被称为条形码序列（barcoding sequence）。本研究探讨了DNA条形码方法在哥伦比亚白蛉鉴定中的应用潜力。我们对采集自不同地理区域的36个物种的COI基因700 bp片段进行了测序。单个物种种内的COI条形码序列差异度为
