Characteristics of the study population across quintiles of dietary energy density (n = 89,432).

*Expressed as means (or mean ± SD), otherwise indicated. Differences between quintile groups were tested using chi-square test (categorical variables) or ANOVA test (continuous variable). P†Energy-adjusted residuals of dietary variables.#1,273 participants with missing values.‡1,440 participants with missing values.§1,579 participants with missing values.∥3,319 participants with missing values.¶for women only.Percentages are based on those participants with available data on that variable and may not sum to 100% due to rounding.