Characteristics of the study population across quintiles of dietary energy density (n = 89,432).

*Expressed as means (or mean ± SD), otherwise indicated. Differences between quintile groups were tested using chi-square test (categorical variables) or ANOVA test (continuous variable). P†Energy-adjusted residuals of dietary variables.#1,273 participants with missing values.‡1,440 participants with missing values.§1,579 participants with missing values.∥3,319 participants with missing values.¶for women only.Percentages are based on those participants with available data on that variable and may not sum to 100% due to rounding.除另有说明外，统计结果以均值（或均值±标准差（Standard Deviation, SD））表示。五分位组间的组间差异：分类变量采用卡方检验，连续变量采用方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）进行检验。†：饮食变量的能量校正残差。#：存在缺失值的受试者共1273例。‡：存在缺失值的受试者共1440例。§：存在缺失值的受试者共1579例。∥：存在缺失值的受试者共3319例。¶：仅针对女性受试者。各组百分比均基于该变量存在有效数据的受试者计算，因四舍五入，各百分比之和可能无法恰好为100%。