Validation of professional attitudes index using predictors of professionalism.

1Multivariate linear mixed model with random intercept by hospital, adjusted for fixed effects at the country level (country), hospital level (number of beds, teaching status, and ownership) and patient level (age). Coefficient represents increase in professional attitudes index for individuals who are members of a professional society (compared to those who are not). 2Multivariate linear mixed model with random intercept by hospital, adjusted for fixed effects at the country level (country), and hospital level (number of beds, teaching status, ownership). Coefficient represents increase in professional attitudes index per 1-year increase in number of years since completing their professional training.