Vinasse improves soil quality and increases the yields of soybean, maize, and pasture

ABSTRACT Vinasse can be a suitable alternative to improve soil attributes and increase crop yield. This study evaluated the effect of fresh and concentrated vinasse on soil chemical and biological attributes and on the yields of soybean, maize, and pasture. The design was in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: T1 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 40 kg ha-1 K2O at topdressing); T2 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 2450 L ha-1 of fresh vinasse at topdressing); T3 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 190 L ha-1 of concentrated vinasse at topdressing); T4 (4100 and 2450 L ha-1 of fresh vinasse at sowing and topdressing, respectively); T5 (315 and 190 L ha-1 of concentrated vinasse at sowing and topdressing, respectively). These treatments were applied during the soybean growth in 2017 and 2018. After soybean harvesting and before maize and pasture in 2018, soil chemical and biological attributes were assessed. Vinasse increased the concentrations of carbon and phosphorus, while decreasing those of potassium and sulfur. Vinasse reduced the carbon concentration of the microbial biomass by 50%, but increased the nitrogen concentration of the microbial biomass by 67%. The activity of dehydrogenase was higher with the application of fresh vinasse. Application of vinasse for two years improves soil chemical and biological attributes and increases the yields of soybean, maize, and pasture.摘要 酒糟液可作为改善土壤性状、提升作物产量的适宜替代物料。本研究探讨了新鲜酒糟液与浓缩酒糟液对土壤化学、生物学性状以及大豆、玉米与牧草产量的影响。试验采用随机区组设计，设置4次重复，共5个处理组：T1（播种时施用250 kg·ha⁻¹的08:28:16型复合肥 + 追肥施用40 kg·ha⁻¹的氧化钾（K₂O））；T2（播种时施用250 kg·ha⁻¹的08:28:16型复合肥 + 追肥施用2450 L·ha⁻¹新鲜酒糟液）；T3（播种时施用250 kg·ha⁻¹的08:28:16型复合肥 + 追肥施用190 L·ha⁻¹浓缩酒糟液）；T4（分别于播种期与追肥期施用4100 L·ha⁻¹、2450 L·ha⁻¹新鲜酒糟液）；T5（分别于播种期与追肥期施用315 L·ha⁻¹、190 L·ha⁻¹浓缩酒糟液）。上述处理于2017年与2018年大豆生育期内施用。在2018年大豆收获后、玉米与牧草种植前，对土壤化学与生物学性状进行测定。结果显示，酒糟液可提升土壤碳与磷的含量，同时降低钾与硫的含量。酒糟液使微生物生物量碳浓度降低50%，但使微生物生物量氮浓度提升67%。施用新鲜酒糟液的处理组脱氢酶活性更高。连续两年施用酒糟液可改善土壤化学与生物学性状，并提升大豆、玉米与牧草的产量。