The fossil lower beaks of Uluciala rotundata

This file set includes the 3D models and image datasets of Uluciala rotundata lower beaks used in the publication "The oldest sepioid cephalopod from the Cretaceous discovered by Digital fossil-mining with zero-shot learning AI".The 3D models were reconstructed in Amira 3D v2023.2. (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) based on label data generated from the cross-sectional images of Cretaceous carbonate concretions, which were obtained by a grinding tomography system (Ezaki et al. 2023; Iba et al. 2025; Ikegami et al. 2025: Paleobiology Lab, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Hokkaido University). The cross-sectional images were cropped and then labelled by using Decoupled video segmentation approach (DEVA: Cheng et al. 2023).Institutional abbreviationsNMNS: National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.ReferencesCheng, H. K., Oh, S. W., Price, B., Schwing, A. & Lee, J.-Y. Tracking anything with decoupled video segmentation. in Proc. IEEE/CVF Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. 1316–1326 (IEEE, 2023).Ezaki, Y. et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the in situ mode of life of the Cambrian coral Cambroctoconus: asexual reproduction and colony growth in immediate response to cryptic habitats. Pap. Palaeontol. 9, e1497 (2023).Iba, Y. et al. Nature visible only digitally. Patterns 6, 101210 (2025).Ikegami, S., Takeda, Y., Mutterlose, J., & Iba, Y. Origin and radiation of squids revealed by digital fossil-mining. Science 388, 1406–1409 (2025).