Post-processed data for: Diverse operant control of different motor cortex populations during learning

We tested two population of cortical neurons, intra-telencephalic (IT) and extra-telencephalic or pyramidal tract (PT) neurons, as direct neurons for neuroprosthetic control. We labelled different cell-classes in two groups of mice and trained them to modulate the activity of either IT or PT neurons to control a Ca-imaging based brain-machine interface (CaBMI). In addition, we used machine learning and game theory approaches to reverse-engineer the learning outcome and dissect the causal contributions of cell-class, neuronal activity, experimental confounds, and other features to learning.

Thus, we present a rich dataset with simultaneous 2-photon calcium imaging recordings of over a thousand neurons in the rodent motor cortex during neuroprosthetic learning. The dataset contains the result of CaImAn postprocessed data of four different planes spanning 400um.
CaBMI was performed using anatomically labelled IT or PT neurons as direct neurons.

Methods
Recordings of calcium imaging were performed with a Bruker Ultima Investigator (Bruker, Millerica, MA) using a Chameleon Ultra II Ti:Sapphire mode-locked laser (Coherent, Santa Clara, CA) tuned to 920 nm. Photons were collected with two GaAsP PMTs for different channels using an Olympus objective (XLUMPLFLN 20XW).

Each of the 4 imaging planes was separated into a block and independently analyzed with CaImAn to obtain the activity of each neuron during the recording

Please see manuscript for further methods.