Data from: Effects of temperature on consumer-resource interactions

1. Understanding how temperature variation influences the negative (e.g., self-limitation) and positive feedback (e.g., saturating functional responses) processes that characterize consumer-resource interactions is an important research priority. Previous work on this topic has yielded conflicting outcomes with some studies predicting that warming should increase consumer-resource oscillations and others predicting that warming should decrease consumer-resource oscillations.

2. Here I develop a consumer-resource model that both synthesizes previous findings in a common framework and yields novel insights about temperature effects on consumer-resource dynamics. I report three key findings. First, when the resource species' birth rate exhibits a unimodal temperature response, as demonstrated by a large number of empirical studies, the temperature range over which the consumer-resource interaction can persist is determined by the lower and upper temperature limits to the resource species' reproduction. This contrasts with the predictions of previous studies, which assume that the birth rate exhibits a monotonic temperature response, predict that consumer extinction is determined by temperature effects on consumer species' traits, rather than the resource species' traits.

3. Second, the comparative analysis I have conducted shows that whether warming leads to an increase or decrease in consumer-resource oscillations depends on the manner in which temperature affects intra-specific competition. When the strength of self-limitation increases monotonically with temperature, warming causes a decrease in consumer-resource oscillations. However, if self-limitation is strongest at temperatures physiologically optimal for reproduction, a scenario previously unanalyzed by theory but amply substantiated by empirical data, warming can cause an increase in consumer-resource oscillations.

4. Third, the model yields testable comparative predictions about consumer-resource dynamics under alternative hypotheses for how temperature affects competitive and resource acquisition traits. Importantly, it does so through empirically quantifiable metrics for predicting temperature effects on consumer viability and consumer-resource oscillations, which obviates the need for parameterizing complex dynamical models. Tests of these metrics with empirical data on a host-parasitoid interaction yield realistic estimates of temperature limits for consumer persistence and the propensity for consumer-resource oscillations, highlighting their utility in predicting temperature effects, particularly warming, on consumer-resource interactions in both natural and agricultural settings.

1. 探明温度变化如何影响消费者-资源相互作用（consumer-resource interactions）的负反馈过程（如自限作用（self-limitation））与正反馈过程（如饱和功能响应（saturating functional responses）），是当前核心研究议题之一。此前针对该主题的研究结论存在分歧：部分研究预测气候变暖会加剧消费者-资源系统的振荡，另有研究则认为变暖会削弱这类振荡。
2. 本研究构建了一套消费者-资源模型，既在统一框架下整合了既往研究成果，也为温度对消费者-资源动态的影响提供了全新见解。本文报告了三项核心发现：其一，正如大量实证研究证实的那样，当资源物种的出生率呈现单峰温度响应（unimodal temperature response）时，消费者-资源相互作用得以维持的温度区间，由资源物种繁殖的低温与高温限制决定。这与既往研究的预测相悖：既往研究假设出生率呈单调温度响应（monotonic temperature response），并预测消费者灭绝由温度对消费者物种性状的影响决定，而非资源物种性状。
3. 其二，本研究开展的比较分析表明，气候变暖究竟会加剧还是削弱消费者-资源振荡，取决于温度对种内竞争（intra-specific competition）的作用模式。当自限作用强度随温度单调递增时，变暖会降低消费者-资源系统的振荡幅度；但若自限作用在繁殖生理最适温度下达到峰值——这一理论场景此前未被分析，但已有大量实证数据支撑——则变暖可能会加剧消费者-资源振荡。
4. 其三，本模型针对“温度如何影响竞争与资源获取性状”的不同假说，给出了可检验的消费者-资源动态比较预测。尤为关键的是，本模型通过可实证量化的指标来预测温度对消费者生存能力以及消费者-资源振荡的影响，无需对复杂动态模型进行参数化。利用寄主-寄生蜂相互作用（host-parasitoid interaction）的实证数据对这些指标进行检验，得到了消费者存续温度限制以及消费者-资源振荡倾向的合理估算值，凸显了这些指标在预测温度（尤其是气候变暖）对自然与农业场景中消费者-资源相互作用影响时的应用价值。