Data: Distinct pathways of soil organic carbon accumulation under decades of manure versus straw amendment in Mollisols

This dataset contains the basic physicochemical and microbial properties of black soil samples collected from a long-term fertilization experiment in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, China. Physicochemical parameters include soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and soil texture. Microbial data include soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), enzyme activities, and bacterial community composition determined by high-throughput sequencing.All samples were collected from the topsoil (0–20 cm) in the experimental plots, with three replicate plots per treatment. The dataset provides a comprehensive resource for researchers studying the impacts of fertilization management on soil biogeochemical cycles and microbial ecology in the black soil region of Northeast China.本数据集涵盖了采自中国吉林省公主岭长期施肥试验的黑土样品的基础理化性质与微生物学特性。其中理化指标包含土壤pH值、土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon, SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen, TN）、有效磷（available phosphorus, AP）、速效钾（available potassium, AK）以及土壤质地；微生物学数据则包含土壤微生物量碳（soil microbial biomass carbon, MBC）、土壤微生物量氮（microbial biomass nitrogen, MBN）、酶活性，以及通过高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing）测定的细菌群落组成。所有样品均采自试验田的表层土壤（0~20 cm），每个处理设置3个重复样地。本数据集可为研究施肥管理对中国东北黑土区土壤生物地球化学循环及微生物生态学的影响提供全面的研究资源。