Comprehensive performance evaluation of plasma vitrification for detoxification and valorization of residual wastes

This study explores the current state-of-the-art in the detoxification and valorization of solid residues from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), especially fly ash, using plasma vitrification. The principles and advances in hazardous material elimination, resource recovery, and system integration using plasma vitrification for MSWI fly ash are identified. The global production and the characteristics of MSWI fly ash are first reviewed. Then, the features and principles of plasma technologies used for MSWI fly ash treatment from the thermodynamic and physical aspects are provided. The mechanisms of detoxification of MSWI fly ash from the perspectives of dioxins destruction and metal separation by plasma vitrification are also discussed. Moreover, the recovery methods of valuable elements for vitrified slag are introduced. Finally, the improvement pathways of plasma vitrification processes from the domains of engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic viability are suggested.本研究针对城市生活垃圾焚烧（Municipal Solid Waste Incineration，缩写MSWI）产生的固体残渣，尤以飞灰为重点研究对象，系统探究采用等离子体熔融固化（plasma vitrification）技术实现其解毒固化与资源化利用的前沿现状。本研究明确了针对MSWI飞灰应用等离子体熔融固化技术时，危险废物无害化处置、资源回收与系统集成的相关原理及研究进展。首先，本文综述了全球MSWI飞灰的产生规模与理化特性。随后，从热力学与物理层面出发，阐述了用于MSWI飞灰处理的等离子体技术的特征与工作原理。此外，本文还从二噁英降解与金属分离两个维度，探讨了等离子体熔融固化实现MSWI飞灰解毒固化的作用机制。同时，介绍了熔融固化渣中有价元素的回收方法。最后，从工程性能、环境影响与经济可行性三个领域，提出了等离子体熔融固化工艺的优化改进路径。