Original data.

To accelerate energy efficiency improvement and green transition in industrial parks while addressing energy utilization and carbon reduction requirements, this study proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for integrated energy systems (IES) based on an enhanced multi-objective artificial hummingbird algorithm (MOAHA). The main contributions are threefold: First, we establish an optimized dispatch model incorporating combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems, a refined two-stage power-to-gas (P2G) conversion process, and carbon capture technologies. Second, a stepwise carbon trading mechanism is introduced to further reduce carbon emissions from the IES. Third, a multi-strategy enhanced MOAHA is developed through three key improvements: 1) Logistic-sine fused chaotic mapping for population initialization to enhance distribution uniformity and solution quality; 2) Elite opposition-based learning and adaptive spiral migration foraging mechanisms to optimize individual positions and population diversity; 3) Simplex method integration to strengthen local search capabilities and optimization precision. Comprehensive case studies demonstrate the model’s effectiveness, achieving an 82.9% reduction in carbon emissions and 17.3% decrease in operational costs compared to conventional approaches. The proposed framework provides a technically viable solution for sustainable energy management in industrial parks, effectively balancing economic and environmental objectives.