Dataset: Water and Nutrient Mass Balances of Upper Klamath Lake, WY 1992-2018.

Monthly and annual water and nutrient (total phosphorus and total nitrogen) mass balances were developed for Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) over water year (WY) 1992-2018. UKL is a shallow, hyper-eutrophic lake located in south-central Oregon, USA. The water and nutrient balances were computed using available flow and water quality sampling data for various inflow sources and the lake outflow. Changes in water and nutrient mass storage were computed from measured lake surface elevations using elevation-area-volume curves based on the lake bathymetry, and biweekly water quality sampling. The net retention of nutrients were computed by difference from the other measured or estimated inflow, outflow, and storage terms. The data sources and methodologies used to generate this dataset are described in the following report: <em>Walker, Jeffrey D, &amp; Kann, Jacob. (2022). Water and Nutrient Balances of Upper Klamath Lake, Water Years 1992–2018. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6607800</em> This repository contains the following files: <strong>ukl-mb-mon.csv</strong>: monthly flows, loads, and flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) for each mass balance term <strong>ukl-mb-wyr.csv</strong>: annual flows, loads, and flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentrations of TP and TN for each mass balance term based on water years (WY = Oct 1 - Sep 30; e.g., WY 2018 = Oct 1, 2017 - Sep 30, 2018) Mass balance terms include: <strong>tribs_7mile_dike</strong>: Sevenmile Canal @ Dike Road (outlet to Agency Lake) <strong>tribs_wood_dike</strong>: Wood River @ Dike Road (outlet to Agency Lake) <strong>tribs_wood_dike-weed</strong>: Wood River between Dike and Weed Roads <strong>tribs_wood_weed</strong>: Wood River @ Weed Road <strong>tribs_sprague</strong>: Sprague River <strong>tribs_williamson-sprague</strong>: Williamson River excluding Sprague River basin <strong>tribs_williamson</strong>: Williamson River (outlet to Upper Klamath Lake) <strong>tribs_total</strong>: Total gauged tributaries (Sevenmile Canal + Wood River + Williamson River) <strong>pumped_alr</strong>: Pumped inflows from Agency Lake Ranch <strong>pumped_wrdp</strong>: Pumped inflows from Williamson River Delta Preserve (Tulana + Goose Bay) <strong>pumped_ungauged</strong>: Pumped inflows from other ungauged agricultural areas <strong>pumped_total</strong>: Total pumped inflows (ALR + WRDP + Ungauged Pumped Areas) <strong>ungauged</strong>: Ungauged drainage basins <strong>total_external</strong>: Total external inflows (Gauged Tributaries + Ungauged Basins + Pumped Areas) <strong>precip</strong>: Precipitation (total atmospheric deposition for nutrient loads) <strong>evap</strong>: Evaporation <strong>net_inflow</strong>: Net inflow (Total External Inflows + Precipitation - Evaporation) <strong>outflow</strong>: Lake outflow <strong>storage</strong>: Lake mean storage (Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes) <strong>dstorage</strong>: Change in lake storage <strong>retention</strong>: Net retention <strong>anthro</strong>: Anthropogenic inflows <strong>background</strong>: Background inflows See Table D1 (Appendix D) of Walker and Kann (2022) for equations to compute flows and loads of terms derived from other directly measured or estimated terms. File columns: <strong>wyear</strong>: Water year (Oct 1 - Sep 30; e.g., WY 2018 = Oct 1, 2017 - Sep 30, 2018) <strong>date</strong>: Date on the first day of each month (monthly dataset only) <strong>term</strong>: Mass balance term (see above) <strong>param</strong>: Water quality parameter (tp or tn) <strong>flow_hm3</strong>: Flow or storage volume (hm^3 = 1e6 m^3 = 0.81071 kacre-ft) <strong>load_kg</strong>: Load or storage mass (kg = 1e-3 metric tonne or mton) <strong>conc_ppb</strong>: Concentration (ppb = ug/L = 1e3 mg/L) <strong>area_km2</strong>: Drainage/surface area associated with each term (km2) <strong>runoff_m</strong>: Unit-area runoff (m) equal to flow_hm3 divided by area_km2 <strong>export_kg_km2</strong>: Nutrient export rate (kg/km2) equal to load_kg divided by area_km2本数据集针对美国俄勒冈州中南部的上克拉马斯湖（Upper Klamath Lake, UKL），构建了1992-2018水文年（Water Year, WY）内的月度与年度水、营养物（总磷Total Phosphorus, TP和总氮Total Nitrogen, TN）质量平衡模型。上克拉马斯湖为一处浅水性超富营养化湖泊，坐落于美国俄勒冈州中南部区域。本次水与营养物质量平衡的计算，依托各类入流源及湖泊出流的实测流量与水质采样数据开展。水体与营养物质量储量的变化量，则基于湖泊水深地形得到的水位-面积-容积曲线，结合实测湖面水位与每两周一次的水质采样数据计算得出。营养物的净滞留量通过其余实测或估算的入流、出流与储量项的差值计算得到。本数据集的数据源与构建方法详见下述文献：<em>Walker, Jeffrey D, & Kann, Jacob. (2022). 上克拉马斯湖水与营养物质量平衡：1992-2018水文年. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6607800</em> 本数据集仓库包含以下文件：<strong>ukl-mb-mon.csv</strong>：包含各质量平衡项的月度流量、负荷量，以及总磷（TP）与总氮（TN）的流量加权平均（Flow-Weighted Mean, FWM）浓度；<strong>ukl-mb-wyr.csv</strong>：基于水文年（水文年定义为10月1日至次年9月30日，例如2018水文年为2017年10月1日至2018年9月30日）的各质量平衡项年度流量、负荷量，以及TP与TN的流量加权平均浓度。质量平衡项包括：<strong>tribs_7mile_dike</strong>：七英里运河（Dike Road断面，通往阿格西湖的出水口）；<strong>tribs_wood_dike</strong>：伍德河（Dike Road断面，通往阿格西湖的出水口）；<strong>tribs_wood_dike-weed</strong>：Dike路与Weed路之间的伍德河段；<strong>tribs_wood_weed</strong>：伍德河（Weed Road断面）；<strong>tribs_sprague</strong>：斯普拉格河；<strong>tribs_williamson-sprague</strong>：不含斯普拉格河流域的威廉姆森河；<strong>tribs_williamson</strong>：威廉姆森河（通往上海拉马斯湖的出水口）；<strong>tribs_total</strong>：所有实测支流总流量（七英里运河+伍德河+威廉姆森河）；<strong>pumped_alr</strong>：来自阿格西湖牧场的抽引入流；<strong>pumped_wrdp</strong>：来自威廉姆森河三角洲保护区（图拉纳区域+鹅湾）的抽引入流；<strong>pumped_ungauged</strong>：来自其他未实测农业区域的抽引入流；<strong>pumped_total</strong>：抽引入流总量（阿格西湖牧场+威廉姆森河三角洲保护区+未实测抽引区域）；<strong>ungauged</strong>：未实测的流域；<strong>total_external</strong>：总外部入流（实测支流+未实测流域+抽引入流）；<strong>precip</strong>：降水量（营养物负荷以大气总沉降计）；<strong>evap</strong>：蒸发量；<strong>net_inflow</strong>：净入流（总外部入流+降水量-蒸发量）；<strong>outflow</strong>：湖泊出流；<strong>storage</strong>：湖泊平均储量（上克拉马斯湖与阿格西湖）；<strong>dstorage</strong>：湖泊储量变化量；<strong>retention</strong>：营养物净滞留量；<strong>anthro</strong>：人为引入流；<strong>background</strong>：背景入流。如需推导由其他直接实测或估算项得到的各流量与负荷量的计算公式，请参阅Walker与Kann（2022）文献的附录D中表D1。文件列字段说明：<strong>wyear</strong>：水文年（定义为10月1日至次年9月30日，例如2018水文年为2017年10月1日至2018年9月30日）；<strong>date</strong>：每月首日日期（仅月度数据集包含此字段）；<strong>term</strong>：质量平衡项（详见前述说明）；<strong>param</strong>：水质参数（tp即总磷，tn即总氮）；<strong>flow_hm3</strong>：流量或储量体积（hm³即百万立方米，等价于0.81071千英亩-英尺）；<strong>load_kg</strong>：负荷量或储质量（kg即千克，等价于10^-3公吨）；<strong>conc_ppb</strong>：浓度（ppb=微克/升=10^3 mg/L）；<strong>area_km2</strong>：各对应项的流域/表面积（单位：平方千米）；<strong>runoff_m</strong>：单位面积径流量（单位：米），计算方式为flow_hm3除以area_km2；<strong>export_kg_km2</strong>：营养物输出速率（单位：千克/平方千米），计算方式为load_kg除以area_km2