Means and standard deviations from MFQ results.

Paramilitary organizations have increasingly become a cause for concern among policy makers and the media in recent years, in part because the former are often seen as a potential threat to peace (or at least to the status quo of the current political systems) in the countries in which they emerge. Organizations such as the Oathkeepers and 3 Percenters (also known as III%ers) in the United States have grown significantly in the last two decades, while paramilitary organizations playing a key role in both offensive and defensive actions in Crimea and the Donbas Region have become a focus of discussion in the Russian war on Ukraine. Although they have not always garnered as much attention, paramilitary organizations in Central and Eastern Europe have a long history. While most are relatively inactive, others play a wide variety of active roles, sometimes even running operations in parallel with a state’s official armed forces (e.g., the PMO serving the state in Poland, or the Night Wolves helping Russia capture Crimea). Despite the increase in the number and activity of these paramilitary organizations, little is known about the personal, social, moral, and psychological background of the individuals who join them. After reviewing the history and ideology of the largest paramilitary organization in the Slovak Republic, this article presents and discusses the results of a survey administered to the group. This survey used different measures of personality, morality, and identity, as well as information about respondents’ personal background, family history, socio-economic status, and political ideology. We find significant relationships between certain individual personality traits and the importance of certain moral foundations among members of these organizations in relation to their broader social community.近年来，准军事组织（paramilitary organizations）日益成为政策制定者与媒体关注的焦点，部分原因在于这类组织常被视为其活跃所在国和平的潜在威胁，至少会对当前政治体系的现状构成挑战。美国的誓言守护者（Oathkeepers）与百分之一三组织（3 Percenters，又称III%ers）等准军事组织在近二十年间规模显著扩张；而在克里米亚与顿巴斯地区攻防行动中发挥关键作用的准军事组织，则成为俄罗斯对乌克兰战争中的舆论焦点。尽管并非总能获得同等关注度，中东欧地区的准军事组织却拥有悠久的发展历史。尽管多数准军事组织相对沉寂，但另有一部分承担着多样的活跃职能，有时甚至会与国家正规武装部队协同开展行动，例如波兰的PMO负责服务国家事务，或是协助俄罗斯夺取克里米亚的“夜狼（Night Wolves）”。尽管此类准军事组织的数量与活动均有所增加，但学界对其成员的个人、社会、道德与心理背景仍知之甚少。本文在梳理斯洛伐克共和国规模最大的准军事组织的历史与意识形态后，介绍并讨论了针对该组织开展的一项调查的结果。该调查采用了多种人格、道德与身份认同测量工具，同时收集了受访者的个人背景、家族史、社会经济地位以及政治意识形态相关信息。研究发现，此类组织成员的部分个体人格特质，与其在更广泛社会社群中所重视的特定道德基础之间存在显著关联。