Maintenance and expansion of genetic and trait variation following domestication in a clonal crop: Enset tGBS individual genotype data

Clonal propagation enables favourable crop genotypes to be rapidly selected and multiplied. However, the absence of sexual propagation can lead to low genetic diversity and accumulation of deleterious mutations, which may eventually render crops less resilient to pathogens or environmental change. To better understand this trade-off, we characterise the domestication and contemporary genetic diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum), an indigenous African relative of bananas (Musa) and principal starch staple for 20 million Ethiopians. Wild enset is strictly sexually outcrossing, but in cultivation is propagated clonally and associated with diversification and specialisation into hundreds of named landraces. We applied tGBS sequencing to generate genome-wide genotypes for 192 accessions from across enset’s cultivated distribution, and surveyed 1340 farmers on enset agronomic traits. Overall, reduced heterozygosity in the domesticated lineage was consistent with a domestication bottleneck ..., ,

无性繁殖可助力优异作物基因型的快速选育与扩繁。然而，缺失有性繁殖过程会导致遗传多样性降低以及有害突变累积，最终可能使作物对病原物或环境变化的抗性减弱。为更好地解析这一权衡关系，我们对恩塞特芭蕉（*Ensete ventricosum*，简称Enset）的驯化过程与当代遗传多样性开展了系统表征：该物种为香蕉（*Musa*）的非洲本土近缘类群，同时也是2000万埃塞俄比亚民众的核心淀粉类主食来源。野生恩塞特芭蕉严格依赖异交有性繁殖，但在栽培条件下则采用无性繁殖策略，并由此分化出数百个经定名的地方品种，呈现出多样化与特化的特征。我们采用靶向测序分型（targeted genotyping by sequencing, tGBS）技术，对恩塞特芭蕉全栽培分布范围内的192份种质资源开展了全基因组基因型分型，并针对1340名农户开展了恩塞特芭蕉农艺性状的调研。总体而言，驯化谱系内的杂合度降低与驯化瓶颈效应相符……