Vocal repertoire expansion in singing mice by co-opting a conserved midbrain circuit node

How neural circuits generate diverse behaviors is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Distinct behavioral outputs may arise from either dedicated motor circuits or shared circuits operating in different functional states. While multifunctional circuits offer an efficient solution for behavioral flexibility and may drive rapid evolutionary adaptations, their neural mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially in mammals. Here, we leverage the rich vocal repertoire of the singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina) to investigate the organizational logic of multifunctional motor circuits. We developed a behavioral assay (PAIRId) that enables precise attribution of vocalizations during social interactions. This paradigm revealed two distinct vocal modes: soft, variable, ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) ancestral to rodents used for short-range communication, and loud, rhythmic, human-audible songs unique to the singing mouse lineage used for long-range communication. Despite their substantial..., , # Data from: Vocal repertoire expansion in singing mice by co-opting a conserved midbrain circuit node

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrw5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrw5)

## Description of data and file structure

This dataset comprises all data required to reproduce the quantitative analyses and figures presented in the associated manuscript when processed using the accompanying analysis code. Data are organized into `.zip` archives corresponding to individual experiments. Each archive contains a metadata `.csv` file and one or more `.csv` files generated from audio analyses, which include note onset and offset times as well as computed acoustic features. Experiments that incorporate modalities beyond audio additionally include the corresponding processed data files.

### Dataset contents

#### **solo_social.zip**

Data from intact adult singing mice male–female close-range social interactions within the PAIRId paradigm. Two cohorts (each containing three males and two fe...,

神经环路如何产生多样行为是神经科学领域的核心科学问题。不同的行为输出既可能源自专属的运动环路，或是共享环路在不同功能状态下运作。多功能环路为行为灵活性提供了高效解决方案，且可能推动快速的进化适应，但其神经机制仍不甚明晰，在哺乳动物中尤为如此。

本研究依托歌唱小鼠（Scotinomys teguina）丰富的鸣唱曲目库，探究多功能运动环路的组织逻辑。我们开发了行为学实验范式PAIRId，可在社交互动过程中精准归属鸣叫声源。该范式揭示了两种截然不同的鸣唱模式：一是柔和、多变的啮齿类祖先用于短距离通讯的超声鸣唱（ultrasonic vocalizations，USVs），二是响亮、富有节律且可被人类听见的鸣唱，为歌唱小鼠谱系所特有，用于长距离通讯。尽管二者存在显著差异……

# 数据来源：《歌唱小鼠通过征募保守中脑环路节点实现鸣唱曲目扩展》

数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrw5](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ht76hdrw5)

## 数据与文件结构说明

本数据集包含复现关联论文中定量分析与图表所需的全部数据，配合配套分析代码即可完成复现。数据按对应单次实验打包为`.zip`压缩档案。每份档案均包含元数据`.csv`文件，以及一份或多份源自音频分析的`.csv`文件，其中涵盖音符的起始与结束时间，以及计算得到的声学特征。包含非音频模态的实验还会额外添加对应处理后的数据文件。

### 数据集内容

#### **solo_social.zip**

该档案包含PAIRId范式下，完整成年雄性歌唱小鼠与雌性个体间的近距离社交互动实验数据。两个实验队列（每个队列包含3只雄性与2只雌性……