Semantic equivalence of the Brazilian version of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (B-PSQ)

Abstract The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is a self-administered instrument to assess adolescent patients' satisfaction with orthodontic treatment. A pre-existing North American instrument was further explored in the Netherlands. Semantic equivalence is part of cross-cultural adaptation and is necessary to achieve a valid and reliable instrument for a specific culture. The present study aimed to evaluate the semantic equivalence of the items, subscales, and overall PSQ between the original English version and the Brazilian Portuguese language version (B-PSQ). The PSQ has 58 items, distributed across 6 subscales: doctor-patient relationship, situational aspects of the clinic, dentofacial improvement, psychosocial improvement, dental function, and a residual category. Semantic equivalence was evaluated according to the following methods: (1) independent translations to Portuguese by two translators, both native in Brazilian Portuguese and fluent in English; (2) an expert committee drafted the first summarized version in Portuguese; (3) two independent back-translations into English by two native English-speaking translators fluent in Portuguese; (4) committee review; (5) committee drafted a summarized version of the back-translations; (6) expert committee drafted the second summarized version in Portuguese; (7) pre-test of the instrument using individual semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents; (8) review and final version of the B-PSQ. Semantic equivalence between the original and the Brazilian versions of the questionnaire was achieved through diligent and rigorous methods, with effective translation and expert evaluations, incorporating the opinions of the target population.摘要：患者满意度调查问卷（Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, PSQ）是一款用于评估青少年患者正畸治疗满意度的自我施测工具。本研究针对一款已有的北美研发工具，在荷兰地区开展了进一步探索。语义等价性是跨文化调适的必要组成部分，对于构建适配特定文化的有效且可靠的测评工具至关重要。本研究旨在评估原版英文版本与巴西葡萄牙语版（B-PSQ）的PSQ在条目、分量表及整体维度上的语义等价性。PSQ共包含58个条目，分为6个分量表：医患关系、诊所情境因素、牙颌面改善、社会心理改善、牙体功能，以及1个残余类别。本研究采用如下方法开展语义等价性评估：1. 由两名母语为巴西葡萄牙语且英语流利的翻译人员独立完成英译葡转译；2. 专家委员会起草首份葡萄牙语汇总版本；3. 由两名母语为英语且葡萄牙语流利的翻译人员独立完成回译；4. 委员会评审；5. 委员会整合回译内容并形成汇总版本；6. 专家委员会起草第二份葡萄牙语汇总版本；7. 选取10名青少年开展半结构化个人访谈，对该工具进行预试验；8. 最终评审并确定巴西版PSQ的正式版本。通过严谨细致的研究方法，结合有效翻译与专家评估，并纳入目标人群的意见，最终实现了PSQ原版与巴西版本间的语义等价性。