Phenology, vegetative growth, and yield performance of fig in Southeastern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological patterns, vegetative growth, and yield characteristics of fig (Ficus carica)varieties in Southeastern Brazil. The 'Roxo de Valinhos', White Genova, PI-189, and Troyano varieties were distributed in a randomized complete block design and evaluated in the field. The following characteristics were assessed: number of days between pruning and the beginning of sprouting; leaf chlorophyll content; number of shoots on each branch; length, diameter, and number of internodes on each branch; number of leaves per plant; leaf area; number of fruit per plant; mass, length, and diameter of fruit; production and yield; and duration (days) of each phenological stage, such as thermal requirement models. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova sprouted the fastest and showed the largest number of shoots. Troyano obtained the greatest branch length and diameter, as well as the greatest number of fruit per plant, which had the shortest diameter and length and the lowest mass of fruit. Furthermore, Troyano showed the latest harvest, besides the thermal requirement of 4,577.31 degree-days. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova produced fruit with the greatest average mass and diameter and the longest length. Troyano shows better vegetative growth and produces more fruit per plant than 'Roxo de Valinhos', but both genotypes show similar yields.

摘要：本研究旨在评估巴西东南部无花果（Ficus carica）品种的物候模式、营养生长及产量特性。试验采用随机完全区组设计，布设了‘Roxo de Valinhos’、白热那亚（White Genova）、PI-189及特洛伊（Troyano）4个供试品种的田间小区并开展评价。本研究测定的性状包括：修剪至萌芽始期的天数、叶片叶绿素含量、单枝新梢数、单枝长度、直径及节间数、单株叶片数、叶面积、单株结果数、单果质量、果长、果径、总产量与单位面积产量，以及各物候阶段的持续时长（天数）与需热模型。‘Roxo de Valinhos’与白热那亚萌芽最早，新梢数量最多。特洛伊品种的枝长、枝径均为最大，单株结果数最多，但其果实果径与果长最短，单果质量最低。此外，特洛伊的采收期最晚，需热量达4577.31度日。‘Roxo de Valinhos’与白热那亚的果实平均质量、果径及果长均为最优。相较于‘Roxo de Valinhos’，特洛伊品种营养生长更旺盛，单株结果数更多，但两个供试品种的单位面积产量水平相近。