Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods

With sea-level rise, flooding in coastal communities is now common during the highest high tides. Floods also occur at normal tidal levels when rainfall overcomes stormwater infrastructure that is partially submerged by tides. Data describing this type of compound flooding is scarce and, therefore, it is unclear how often these floods occur and the extent to which non-tidal factors contribute to flooding. We combine measurements of flooding on roads and within storm drains with a numerical model to examine processes that contribute to flooding in Carolina Beach, NC, USA – a community that chronically floods outside of extreme storms despite flood mitigation infrastructure to combat tidal flooding. Of the 43 non-storm floods we measured during a year-long study period, one-third were unexpected based on the tidal threshold used by the community for flood monitoring. We introduce a novel model coupling between an ocean-scale hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC) and a community-scale surface water ..., The dataset contained herein includes model schematization, simulation output, and coupling files from coupled ADCIRC and 3Di coupled flood model simulations described in the associated article Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods. Flood sensor data are available on our publicly accessible web viewer at the link https://go.ncsu.edu/sunny., , # Data from: Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb633](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2280gb633)

## Description of the data and file structure

Included in this repository are ADCIRC and 3Di inputs and outputs to recreate the coupled flood model results described in *[Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122339)*.

ADCIRC files include:

* Input and output files from the three modeled flood events for simulations run with tides and tides+atmospheric water level forcing (see Section 2.4.1 in the paper). These files are named as *floodEventSim_adcirc_[forcing(s)]_[floodEvent].tgz*
* Input and output files from the longer duration tides+atmospheric simulations used to calculate the ADCIRC water level offset (see Supplementary Section 3 in the paper) for the three modeled flood events. These files are named as *wlOffsetCalc_a...

随着海平面上升，沿海社区在最高天文潮期间发生内涝已成为常态。当降雨超出被潮汐部分淹没的雨水管网承载能力时，即便处于常规潮汐水位，也会引发洪涝。此类复合洪涝的相关观测数据十分匮乏，因此目前尚不清楚此类洪涝的发生频次，以及非潮汐因素对洪涝的贡献程度。我们结合道路与雨水井内涝观测数据与数值模型，对美国北卡罗来纳州卡罗来纳海滩（Carolina Beach, NC）的内涝成因展开分析——该社区即便配备了应对潮汐内涝的减灾设施，在非极端风暴天气下仍长期发生洪涝。在为期一年的观测周期内，我们共记录到43场非风暴型洪涝，其中三分之一超出了该社区用于洪涝监测的潮汐阈值，属于突发型内涝。本研究构建了海洋尺度水动力模型（ADCIRC）与社区尺度地表水模型的耦合新框架。
本文附带的数据集包含关联论文《Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods》中所述的ADCIRC与3Di耦合洪涝模型的建模概化文件、模拟结果及耦合文件。洪涝传感器数据可通过我们的公开网页查看，链接为https://go.ncsu.edu/sunny。

# 数据来源：《Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods》
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.2280gb633

## 数据与文件结构说明
本仓库包含ADCIRC与3Di的输入、输出文件，可复现论文*《Wind and rain compound with tides to cause frequent and unexpected coastal floods》*（DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122339）中描述的耦合洪涝模型模拟结果。

ADCIRC文件包括：
* 针对三场模拟洪涝事件的潮汐、潮汐+大气水位强迫模拟的输入与输出文件（详见论文第2.4.1节），文件命名格式为`floodEventSim_adcirc_[强迫类型]_[洪涝事件].tgz`
* 用于计算三场模拟洪涝事件的ADCIRC水位偏移量的长历时潮汐+大气模拟的输入与输出文件（详见论文补充材料第3节），文件命名为`wlOffsetCalc_a...`