Investigation of risk factors involving in feline chronic kidney disease, oxidative stress and study the effect of Antidesma acidum crude extract in feline kidney cell line

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important disease in feline. The purposes of the study were to determine the risk factors in cats with naturally occurring CKD, to compare the oxidative stress parameters between the clinically normal client-owned cats and cats with naturally occurring CKD and to investigate the effects of the ethanol crude extract of Antidesma acidum on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene expression in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced feline kidney cell lines. The study was separated into three parts. In part I, risk factors in cats with CKD were determined by interviewed two hundred and twenty-two cats’ owners through questionnaires during June 2004 to August 2013. Data about age, gender, breed, weight, types of food and clinical signs of CKD were obtained. In part II, thirteen clinically normal client-owned aged-matched cats and twenty-three naturally-occurring CKD cats were included. Blood collection was performed to measure completed blood count, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH/GSSG ratio. In part III, feline kidney cell lines were incubated with appropriate dose and time of DOX and A. acidum in pretreatment and post-treatment condition. Cytotoxicity assay, apoptosis and necrosis assay, oxidative stress parameters, eNOS protein and eNOS gene expression were measured. The results indicated that aging, diet and lifestyles of CKD cats were potential risk factors for CKD. Cats with naturally occurring CKD had oxidative stress when compared with age-matched control cats. Pretreatment with A. acidum can significantly increase eNOS gene and protein expression in DOX-induced feline kidney cell lines. A. acidum can protect feline kidney cells from CKD by suppressing the oxidative stress and increasing the eNOS gene production.

慢性肾病（Chronic kidney disease, CKD）是猫类的重要疾病。本研究旨在明确自然发生慢性肾病的猫的危险因素，对比临床健康家养宠物猫与自然发生慢性肾病猫的氧化应激参数，并探究酸味五月茶（Antidesma acidum）乙醇粗提物对阿霉素（doxorubicin, DOX）诱导的猫肾细胞系中内皮型一氧化氮合酶（endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS）基因表达的影响。本研究分为三个部分：第一部分，于2004年6月至2013年8月期间，通过问卷访谈222名猫主人以确定猫慢性肾病的危险因素，收集的信息涵盖猫的年龄、性别、品种、体重、日粮类型及慢性肾病临床症状。第二部分，纳入13只年龄匹配的临床健康家养宠物猫与23只自然发生慢性肾病的猫，采集血液样本以检测全血细胞计数、血尿素氮、肌酐、谷胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase, GPx）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（oxidized glutathione, GSSG）及GSH/GSSG比值。第三部分，将猫肾细胞系在预处理及后处理条件下，以适宜剂量与孵育时间分别采用阿霉素及酸味五月茶进行处理，随后检测细胞毒性、细胞凋亡与坏死情况、氧化应激参数、eNOS蛋白及eNOS基因表达水平。研究结果表明：衰老、日粮及生活方式是猫慢性肾病的潜在危险因素；与年龄匹配的对照组猫相比，自然发生慢性肾病的猫存在氧化应激状态；经酸味五月茶预处理后，阿霉素诱导的猫肾细胞系中eNOS基因及蛋白表达水平显著升高；酸味五月茶可通过抑制氧化应激并上调eNOS基因表达，对猫肾细胞发挥慢性肾病保护作用。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于猫慢性肾病（CKD）的研究，通过问卷调查、血液参数比较和细胞实验三部分，分析了CKD的风险因素（如年龄、饮食和生活方式）及氧化应激作用。研究发现，CKD猫存在氧化应激，而Antidesma acidum提取物能通过抑制氧化应激并增加eNOS基因表达，对猫肾脏细胞具有保护作用。