Analysis of risk factors for early type 2 diabetic nephropathy complicated with retinopathy

Objective To retrospectively analyze the risk factors for early type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) complicated with retinopathy (DR) and to provide a basis for early prevention and delaying the progression of retinopathy.
Methods The clinical data of 268 patients with early type 2 DR who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected and divided into the non diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group and DR group according to the fundus examination results, with 145 patients included in the DR and 123 cases in NDR group. The baseline clinical data, laboratory indicators, and complications of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the risk factors for early type 2 DN complicated with retinopathy.
Results (1) The baseline clinical data of the two groups showed that the differences in age, smoking history, duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The differences in glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, blood uric acid, and urine microalbumin were statistically significant (all P <0.05). The difference in the incidence of sclerosis was also statistically significant (all P <0.01). (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the course of diabetes, hypertension, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, blood uric acid, urine microalbumin, combined coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerosis were all risk factors. High-density lipoprotein was analyzed to be a protective factor for early type 2 DN complicated by retinopathy.
Conclusion In view of the risk factors for early type 2 DN complicated with retinopathy, active control of blood pressure and improvement in metabolic levels were important for preventing and delaying the onset of retinopathy.