Violence against women in life: study among Primary Care users

Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among primary care users. Cross-sectional study with women aged 20 to 59 years. Physical, sexual and psychological violence was screened by the World Health Organization instrument. Poisson regression was used for crude and adjusted analysis. Nine hundred ninety-one women participated in the study. The prevalence of violence throughout the lifespan was: psychological 57.6% (95%CI 54.6-60.7); physical 39.3% (95%CI 36.2-42.3) and sexual 18.0% (95%CI 15.7-20.5). Women with up to eight years of schooling, divorced or separated, whose mothers suffered intimate partner violence, who reported drug use and experienced sexual violence in childhood showed a higher prevalence of the three types of violence. Religion was associated with psychological and sexual violence and the use of cigarettes to physical and psychological violence. Participants with lower household income had a higher prevalence of physical violence. A high prevalence of intimate partner violence was identified among users. Worse socioeconomic conditions, risk behaviors and a history of assault are associated with greater occurrence of this problem.摘要 本研究旨在估算基层医疗服务使用者中亲密伴侣暴力（intimate partner violence）的流行率及其相关影响因素。本研究针对20至59岁女性开展，属于横断面研究（cross-sectional study）。采用世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）制定的筛查工具对躯体暴力、性暴力及心理暴力进行筛查。采用泊松回归（Poisson regression）进行粗分析与校正分析。本研究共纳入991名女性参与者。全生命周期内各类暴力的流行率分别为：心理暴力57.6%（95%CI 54.6%~60.7%）；躯体暴力39.3%（95%CI 36.2%~42.3%）；性暴力18.0%（95%CI 15.7%~20.5%）。受教育年限不超过8年、离异或分居、母亲曾遭受亲密伴侣暴力、存在药物滥用史以及童年时期曾遭受性暴力的女性，三种暴力类型的流行率均显著更高。宗教信仰与心理暴力、性暴力存在关联，吸烟行为与躯体暴力、心理暴力存在关联。家庭收入较低的参与者发生躯体暴力的流行率更高。本研究发现，基层医疗服务使用者中亲密伴侣暴力的流行率处于较高水平。社会经济状况较差、存在危险行为以及暴力侵害史均与该问题的更高发生率密切相关。