Long-lasting, subtype-specific regulation of somatostatin interneurons during sensory learning

Somatostatin (SST)-expressing inhibitory neurons are a major class of neocortical gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurons, where morphological, electrophysiological, and transcriptomic analyses indicate more than a dozen different subtypes. However, whether this diversity is related to specific roles in cortical computations and plasticity remains unclear. Here we identify learning-dependent, subtype-specific plasticity in layer 2/3 somatostatin neurons of the mouse somatosensory cortex. Martinotti-type, somatostatin neurons expressing calbindin-2 show a selective decrease in excitatory synaptic input and stimulus-evoked calcium responses as mice learn a stimulus-reward association. Using these insights, we develop a label-free classifier using basal activity from in vivo imaging that accurately predicts learning-associated response plasticity. Our data indicate that molecularly-defined SST neuron subtypes play specific and highly-regulated roles in sensory information processing and le..., Data were collected through different experimental preparations. Figures 1, 3, and 4 use calcium imaging data. Figure 2 uses confocal fluorescence imaging data processed through the image analysis program Imaris 8.4.1., , # Long-lasting, subtype-specific regulation of somatostatin interneurons during sensory learning

## Description of the data and file structure

Calcium imaging data were collected through 2-photon imaging and were processed through Suite2p as described in the Methods section. The files associated with each animal contain raw extracted fluorescence values and trial information across various training conditions

Fixed tissue data was collected through confocal fluorescence imaging and was processed through Imaris 8.4.1 to attain volume measurements 

### Files and variables

#### File: SST_Manuscript_Data.zip

**Description:** This folder contains calcium imaging data and fluorescence confocal imaging data used for analysis

**Calcium Imaging** 

Ai148_ACC: Genetically encoded calcium indicator in somatostatin neurons during Acclimation 

Ai148_PSE: Genetically encoded calcium indicator in somatostatin neurons during Pseudotraining 

Ai148_SAT: Genetically encoded calcium indicator in s...,

生长抑素（Somatostatin, SST）阳性抑制性神经元是新皮层γ-氨基丁酸（gamma-amino butyric acid, GABA）能神经元的主要类别之一，形态学、电生理学与转录组学分析显示其存在十余种不同的亚型。然而，这种多样性是否与皮层计算及可塑性的特定功能相关仍不明确。本研究在小鼠体感皮层的2/3层生长抑素神经元中鉴定出了依赖学习过程的亚型特异性可塑性。表达钙结合蛋白-2（calbindin-2）的Martinotti型生长抑素神经元，在小鼠学会刺激-奖赏关联任务时，其兴奋性突触输入与刺激诱发的钙反应出现选择性下降。基于上述发现，我们利用体内成像获得的基础活动构建了无标记分类器，可精准预测与学习相关的反应可塑性。我们的数据表明，分子定义的SST神经元亚型在感觉信息处理与学习过程中发挥特定且受高度调控的作用。
本研究数据通过多种实验制备方式获取。图1、图3与图4采用钙成像数据；图2使用经图像分析软件Imaris 8.4.1处理的共聚焦荧光成像数据。
# 感觉学习过程中生长抑素中间神经元的长效亚型特异性调控
## 数据与文件结构说明
钙成像数据通过双光子成像采集，并参照方法部分所述流程经Suite2p软件处理。每只实验动物对应的文件包含原始提取的荧光数值与不同训练条件下的试次信息。
固定组织样本数据通过共聚焦荧光成像采集，并经Imaris 8.4.1软件处理以获取体积测量值。
### 文件与变量
#### 文件：SST_Manuscript_Data.zip
**描述**：该文件夹包含本研究分析所用的钙成像数据与荧光共聚焦成像数据。
**钙成像数据集**
Ai148_ACC：适应阶段生长抑素神经元中的基因编码钙指示剂
Ai148_PSE：伪训练阶段生长抑素神经元中的基因编码钙指示剂
Ai148_SAT：生长抑素神经元中的基因编码钙指示剂，于s……