High rate of species misidentification reduces the taxonomic certainty of European biodiversity databases of ivies (Hedera L.)

We present two databases and six spatial layers recording biodiversity information of the six species of ivies (Hedera L., Araliaceae) native to W Europe (Hedera azorica, H. canariensis, H. helix, H. hiberncia, H. iberica, H. maderensis). Each database covers the entire native distribution of each species. Therefore, the databases document the distribution and occurrence of all the European Hedera taxa except for H. pastuchovii subsp. cypria which is a restricted endemic of the south-west of the island of Cyprus. The first database (TaxRev) includes taxonomic, geographic and habitat information from the morphological revision of 2,276 individuals from 1,280 populations. 866 of the records also included point-occurrence data. This database represents the entire native distribution and the morphological variation of each species. The second database (MixOcc) includes the spatial-point occurrence of the six species across their entire native distribution ranges. This database was compiled with the 880 records from the TaxRev database (records with high taxonomic certainty, as they all were examined by the taxonomist of the genus) plus 2,372 records from curated online databases selected from the European regions with low expected taxonomic uncertainty (C and E Europe and the Macaronesian Islands). As a result the database have high taxonomic quality (certainty and coverage) and good geographical coverage for Europe at a large-scale except for France and Ireland. The uploaded files related to the TaxRev database are as follows: Hedera_TaxRevDatabase_Field description: a cvs file with the description of the 71 variables included in the database Hedera_TaxRevDatabase_Records: a cvs file with the database (71 variables, 1,280 records) The uploaded files related to the MixOcc database are as follows: Hedera_MixOccDatabase_Field description: a cvs file with the description of the 11 variables included in the database Hedera_MixDatabase_Records: a cvs file with the database (11 variables, 3,252 records) Finally, we also upload 20 layers including the point-occurrence maps obtained from the MixOcc database. Six species maps (one per species), five additional maps of H. canariensis (one per island), eight additional maps of H. azorica (one per island) and a combined map including the six species. In all of them, we distinguish the records from individuals morphologically reviewed by the taxonomist of the genus and those obtained from online repositories and not reviewed by the taxonomist: Hedera azorica_MixOccDatabase_Map Hedera_azorica_map_Corvo Hedera_azorica_map_Faial Hedera_azorica_map_Flores Hedera_azorica_map_Graciosa Hedera_azorica_map_Pico Hedera_azorica_map_Santa Maria Hedera_azorica_map_Sao Jorge Hedera_azorica_map_Sao Miguel Hedera_azorica_map_Terceira Hedera canariensis_MixOccDatabase_Map Hedera_canariensis_map_El Hierro Hedera_canariensis_map_Gran Canaria Hedera_canariensis_map_La Gomera Hedera_canariensis_map_La Palma Hedera_canariensis_map_Tenerife Hedera helix_MixOccDatabase_Map Hedera hibernica_TaxRevDatabase_Map Hedera iberica_TaxRevDatabase_Map Hedera maderensis_MixOccDatabase_Map Hedera_MixOccDatabase_Map The records which allow us to improve geographic coverage without compromising taxonomic certainty. The databases and the resulting spatial layers have high taxonomic and geographic certainty and a good geographic coverage for ivies in Europe.本数据集包含两个数据库与六个空间图层（spatial layers），用于记录原生分布于西欧的6种常春藤属（Hedera L.，五加科Araliaceae）常春藤的生物多样性信息，涉及物种包括*Hedera azorica*、*H. canariensis*、*H. helix*、*H. hiberncia*、*H. iberica*及*H. maderensis*。每个数据库覆盖对应物种的完整原生分布范围，因此本数据集涵盖了欧洲所有常春藤属类群的分布与出现记录，仅排除了仅分布于塞浦路斯岛西南部的狭域特有亚种*H. pastuchovii subsp. cypria*。 首个数据库（TaxRev）整合了来自1280个种群的2276份个体的形态学修订数据，包含分类学、地理学与栖息地信息，其中866条记录同时包含点位出现数据（point-occurrence data）。该数据库完整覆盖了各物种的原生分布范围与形态变异情况。 第二个数据库（MixOcc）收录了6个物种在其完整原生分布范围内的空间点位出现记录。该数据集整合了来自TaxRev数据库的880条记录（这些记录均经该属分类学家审核，分类学可信度极高），以及从分类学不确定性较低的欧洲区域（中欧、东欧与马卡罗尼西亚群岛）遴选的经人工整理质控的2372条在线数据库记录。因此该数据库具备较高的分类学质量（可信度与覆盖度），且在欧洲大尺度范围内拥有良好的地理覆盖度，仅法国与爱尔兰除外。 与TaxRev数据库相关的上传文件如下： - *Hedera_TaxRevDatabase_Field description*：包含该数据库71个变量说明的CSV文件（原文标注为cvs，保留原文件名格式） - *Hedera_TaxRevDatabase_Records*：包含该数据库记录的CSV文件（含71个变量，共1280条记录） 与MixOcc数据库相关的上传文件如下： - *Hedera_MixOccDatabase_Field description*：包含该数据库11个变量说明的CSV文件 - *Hedera_MixDatabase_Records*：包含该数据库记录的CSV文件（含11个变量，共3252条记录） 此外，本数据集还上传了20个基于MixOcc数据库生成的点位出现地图空间图层：包括6个物种专属分布图（每个物种1幅）、5幅加那利常春藤（*H. canariensis*）的岛屿专属分布图（每个岛屿1幅）、8幅亚速尔常春藤（*H. azorica*）的岛屿专属分布图（每个岛屿1幅），以及1幅涵盖6个物种的综合分布图。所有图层均区分两类记录：经该属分类学家进行形态学审核的个体记录，以及来自在线数据库且未经分类学家审核的记录。 相关上传的空间图层文件如下： 1. *Hedera azorica_MixOccDatabase_Map* 2. *Hedera_azorica_map_Corvo* 3. *Hedera_azorica_map_Faial* 4. *Hedera_azorica_map_Flores* 5. *Hedera_azorica_map_Graciosa* 6. *Hedera_azorica_map_Pico* 7. *Hedera_azorica_map_Santa Maria* 8. *Hedera_azorica_map_Sao Jorge* 9. *Hedera_azorica_map_Sao Miguel* 10. *Hedera_azorica_map_Terceira* 11. *Hedera canariensis_MixOccDatabase_Map* 12. *Hedera_canariensis_map_El Hierro* 13. *Hedera_canariensis_map_Gran Canaria* 14. *Hedera_canariensis_map_La Gomera* 15. *Hedera_canariensis_map_La Palma* 16. *Hedera_canariensis_map_Tenerife* 17. *Hedera helix_MixOccDatabase_Map* 18. *Hedera hibernica_TaxRevDatabase_Map* 19. *Hedera iberica_TaxRevDatabase_Map* 20. *Hedera maderensis_MixOccDatabase_Map* 21. *Hedera_MixOccDatabase_Map* 本数据集所采用的记录在提升地理覆盖度的同时未牺牲分类学可信度。上述数据库及衍生的空间图层均具备较高的分类学与地理学可信度，且为欧洲常春藤类群提供了良好的地理覆盖范围。