Datasets and R code for Liu et al. A global meta-analysis on the drivers of salt marsh planting success and implications for ecosystem services

Planting has been widely adopted to battle the loss of salt marshes and to establish living shorelines. However, the drivers of success in salt marsh planting and their ecological effects are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we assemble a global database, encompassing 22,074 observations reported in 210 studies, to examine the drivers and impacts of salt marsh planting. We show that, on average, 53% of plantings survived globally, and plant survival and growth can be enhanced by careful design of sites, species selection, and novel planted technologies. Planting enhances shoreline protection, primary productivity, soil carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and fishery production (effect sizes = 0.61, 1.55, 0.21, 0.10 and 1.01, respectively), compared with degraded wetlands. However, the ecosystem services of planted marshes, except for shoreline protection, have not yet fully recovered compared with natural wetlands (effect size = -0.25, 95% CI -0.29, -0.22). Fortunately, the levels of most ecological functions related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity increase with plantation age when compared with natural wetlands, and achieve equivalence to natural wetlands after 5-25 years. Overall, our results suggest that salt marsh planting could be used as a strategy to enhance shoreline protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.盐沼（salt marsh）种植已被广泛应用于应对盐沼退化流失，并构建活体护岸（living shorelines）。然而，全球尺度下，盐沼种植成功的驱动因子及其生态效应仍未被充分认知。本研究整合了210项已发表研究中的22074条观测数据，构建全球盐沼种植数据库，以探究盐沼种植的驱动因子与生态影响。研究结果显示，全球盐沼种植的平均存活率为53%；通过优化生境选址、物种筛选以及采用新型种植技术，可有效提升植株存活率与生长表现。与退化湿地相比，盐沼种植可提升岸线防护能力、初级生产力、土壤碳储量、生物多样性保护效益与渔业生产效益（效应量（effect sizes）分别为0.61、1.55、0.21、0.10与1.01）。然而，除岸线防护外，修复盐沼的生态系统服务功能尚未完全恢复至天然盐沼水平（效应量为-0.25，95%置信区间（CI）为-0.29至-0.22）。值得注意的是，多数与气候变化减缓及生物多样性保护相关的生态功能水平，会随种植年限的增加逐步趋近天然盐沼，并在5至25年后达到与天然盐沼相当的水平。综上，本研究结果表明，盐沼种植可作为提升岸线防护能力、生物多样性保护效益与碳固存能力的有效策略。