青藏高原湖泊逐年空间分布数据集（1991-2023）

青藏高原上广泛分布的各类湖泊的快速变化反映了陆地水资源对气候变化的响应。及时准确监测湖泊动态对于制定水资源可持续管理和公共设施保护的适应性策略至关重要。受众多冰川和雪山的干扰以及海量卫星数据采集和计算能力的限制，青藏高原上从小型到大型的所有湖泊的年度调查信息仍然缺乏。为此，研究使用所有陆地卫星影像，结合一种基于光谱指数且普适性强的地表水体探测算法与云计算平台，生成1991-2023年间青藏高原9000余个0.1平方公里以上湖泊的年度精确空间分布数据集（Lake_TP）。结果显示，过去三十年湖泊在迅速扩张，且呈现显著的空间异质性。数量上，分别新增与消失了6590和2851个湖泊，总数以每年78个湖泊在持续增长；同时，湖泊总面积以每年554平方公里的速率在显著扩张。以小型湖泊为主的数量增长主要发生在2005年之前，而大型湖泊主导下的面积增长贯穿了1995年以后的整个时期。高原内流区北部湖泊面积和数量增加最为显著，为湖泊扩张的热点地区。该数据集可促进人们理解湖泊完整演变过程以及冰冻圈对气候变化的动态响应。同时，所用的制图方法也适用于世界其他高寒地区的高精度湖泊动态监测。

The rapid changes of widely distributed lakes across the Tibetan Plateau reflect the response of terrestrial water resources to climate change. Timely and accurate monitoring of lake dynamics is critical for developing adaptive strategies for sustainable water resource management and public facility protection. Constrained by the occlusion of numerous glaciers and snow-capped mountains as well as computational limitations in processing massive satellite datasets, annual survey data covering all lakes of all sizes across the Tibetan Plateau remains scarce. To address this gap, this study utilized all available land satellite imagery, in conjunction with a highly universal spectral-index-based surface water detection algorithm and a cloud computing platform, to generate an annual high-precision spatial distribution dataset (Lake_TP) of over 9,000 lakes with an area of ≥0.1 km² across the Tibetan Plateau during 1991–2023. The results show that lakes have expanded rapidly over the past three decades, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. In terms of lake quantity, 6,590 new lakes were added and 2,851 lakes were lost respectively, with the total number growing continuously at a rate of 78 lakes per year; meanwhile, the total lake area expanded significantly at a rate of 554 km² per year. The quantity growth dominated by small lakes mainly occurred before 2005, while the area growth led by large lakes spanned the entire period after 1995. The northern part of the inland drainage basin on the Tibetan Plateau saw the most substantial increases in both lake area and quantity, making it a hotspot for lake expansion. This dataset can facilitate understanding of the complete evolutionary process of lakes and the dynamic response of the cryosphere to climate change. Meanwhile, the mapping method employed herein is also applicable to high-precision dynamic monitoring of lakes in other alpine regions across the globe.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了1991年至2023年青藏高原9000多个面积大于0.1平方公里的湖泊的逐年空间分布信息，空间分辨率为10米至100米，以矢量格式存储。数据集显示过去三十年间湖泊数量和面积持续增长，呈现显著的空间异质性，有助于研究湖泊动态变化及其对气候变化的响应。