Data from: Thermoregulatory behavior limits local adaptation of thermal niches and confers sensitivity to climate change

1. Thermoregulation buffers environmental variation, which enables a species to persist during climate change but ultimately hinders adaptation of thermal tolerance by weakening selective pressure. 2. We used a model of optimal thermal physiology to demonstrate how thermoregulatory behavior limits local adaptation of thermal physiology in a widespread group of lizards, the Sceloporus undulatus complex. 3. Empirical data for seven populations demonstrates conservatism of thermal tolerance, consistent with the model's prediction in the case of effective thermoregulation. In an eighth population, from a region where thermoregulation should be less effective, we observed greater heat tolerance and poorer cold tolerance, as predicted by our model. 4. Biophysical modeling indicates that lizards can avoid heat stress through thermoregulation in the coming decades but will ultimately experience an abrupt decline in the effectiveness of thermoregulation. In this scenario, thermoregulators will suffer a greater loss of performance in future climates than thermoconformers will, unless heat tolerance can evolve in a few generations. 5. Our analyses raises a concern that behavioral plasticity, while beneficial in the short term, will ultimately limit the physiological adaptation required to endure a warming climate.

1. 体温调节（thermoregulation）可缓冲环境波动，使物种能够在气候变化中存续，但最终会因削弱选择压力而阻碍热耐受性状的适应性演化。
2. 我们采用最优热生理学模型，阐明了体温调节行为如何限制一类广布蜥蜴类群——角蜥（Sceloporus undulatus）复合群——的热生理局部适应性演化。
3. 对7个种群的实证数据显示，热耐受性状存在演化保守性，这与有效体温调节情境下的模型预测相符。而在第8个采自体温调节有效性较低区域的种群中，我们观测到其耐热性更强，但耐寒性更弱，这与本模型的预测一致。
4. 生物物理建模结果表明，未来数十年内蜥蜴可通过体温调节规避热胁迫，但最终体温调节的有效性会出现骤降。在此情景下，主动调温者（thermoregulators）在未来气候中的机能损失将大于体温顺应者（thermoconformers），除非热耐受性状能在数代内完成演化。
5. 我们的分析引发了一项担忧：尽管行为可塑性在短期内有益，但最终会限制物种应对气候变暖所需的生理适应性演化。