Mineral composition of leaves and fruits of apple ‘Fuji’ on different rootstocks in the region of São Joaquim-SC

Abstract This work evaluated the mineral composition of leaves and fruits of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) ‘Fuji’ on different rootstocks. The experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2011 in the municipality of São Joaquim (SC). The treatments evaluated rootstocks: CG.008, CG.24, CG.56, CG.058, CG.210, CG.213, CG.757, CG.814 and CG.969 of the American series Cornell Geneva (CG); JM.2 and JM.7 of the Japanese series Japan, Morioka (JM); and M.7, M.9 and M.26 of the English series, EMLA (M). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions. Annually, the leaves were collected for the chemical analysis. Only in the years 2009 and 2010, the fruit samples were collected to determine nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The leaf Ca content differed between rootstocks, especially for CG.213 and CG.969, which presented a higher content of the nutrient. However, there were no differences between rootstocks in terms of Ca content in the fruit, which confirms the low ratio between the contents in leaves and fruits. Ratios between nutrients, mainly (K+Mg)/Ca, are more sensitive to the Ca content to discriminate groups of rootstocks about possible risk of physiological disorders in the fruits.

摘要 本研究评估了不同砧木上栽培的‘富士’苹果（Malus domestica Borkh）叶片与果实的矿质营养组成。试验于2008年至2011年在巴西圣若阿金市（圣卡塔琳娜州，SC）开展。供试砧木涵盖三大系列：美国康奈尔-日内瓦（Cornell Geneva, CG）系列的CG.008、CG.24、CG.56、CG.058、CG.210、CG.213、CG.757、CG.814与CG.969；日本盛冈（Morioka, JM）系列的JM.2与JM.7；以及英国EMLA（M）系列的M.7、M.9与M.26。试验采用随机区组设计，设置4次重复。每年采集叶片样品进行化学分析；仅在2009年与2010年采集果实样品，用以测定其氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）与镁（Mg）的含量。结果显示，不同砧木的叶片钙含量存在显著差异，其中CG.213与CG.969的叶片钙养分含量更高。但不同砧木的果实钙含量并无显著差异，这印证了叶片与果实钙含量间的比值较低。此外，养分比值尤其是（K+Mg）/Ca，相较于单纯的钙含量，能更灵敏地区分不同砧木组群，进而预判果实生理病害的发生风险。