A novel spawning survey: identifying spawning times and locations of jack mackerel in a semi-closed bay using environmental DNA analysis

In the present study, three experiments were conducted in Maizuru Bay with the aim of identifying the spawning season, time window and location of Japanese jack mackerel and examining the usefulness of eDNA analysis on spawning surveys. In Experiment 3 (Exp. 3), fish eggs were collected using a plankton net to demonstrate the spawning of Japanese jack mackerel during the estimated spawning season.