Myrtaceae in the Caveiras River Basin: Ecological Characteristics and Non-timber Uses

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the floristic-structural pattern, ecological characteristics and potentials of Myrtaceae in the Caveiras River Basin. The studied Myrtaceae communities are localized in Santa Catarina Southern Plateau – municipalities of Lages, São José do Cerrito and Urupema. Four sampling units were installed in each municipality, totaling a sampling area of 30,000 m2. All Myrtaceae individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were surveyed within the sampling units. The Myrtaceae community structure was assessed through phytosociological descriptors and the sampling sufficiency was verified using the rarefaction method. The ecological approach, as well as the indication of non-timber use of Myrtaceae resources was inferred from a specialized bibliography and scientific database. 1,480 Myrtaceae individuals were sampled, totaling 21 species and 11 genera. The most abundant species were Myrceugenia euosma, Siphoneugena reitzii and Myrcia palustris, which represent more than 50% of the community structure. Regarding the ecological classification, the late secondary group was the most expressive (57%). The sampled species are recommended for the restoration of altered areas, ornamental (100%) as well as phytotherapic use (60%). Despite the Myrtaceae representativeness and potentials, further research is necessary to support conservation through management plans.摘要：本研究旨在阐明卡维拉萨斯河流域（Caveiras River Basin）桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）的区系结构格局、生态学特征及应用潜力。本次研究的桃金娘科群落分布于圣卡塔琳娜州南部高原（Santa Catarina Southern Plateau）的拉热斯（Lages）、圣若泽杜塞里图（São José do Cerrito）及乌鲁佩马（Urupema）三个市镇。每个市镇设置4个样地，总采样面积达30000平方米。对样地内所有胸径（DBH）≥5厘米的桃金娘科个体开展全面调查。采用植物社会学指标评估桃金娘科群落结构，并通过稀疏化法（rarefaction method）验证采样充分性。基于专业文献与科学数据库，推导该类群的生态学特征及桃金娘科资源的非木材利用方向。本次共采集到1480株桃金娘科个体，隶属于21种11属。优势种为Myrceugenia euosma、Siphoneugena reitzii与Myrcia palustris，其个体数占群落总个体数的50%以上。生态分类结果显示，后期次生群落类群占比最高（57%）。本次采样的桃金娘科物种均可用于受损区域修复，且100%具备观赏价值，60%可用于植物疗法用途。尽管桃金娘科类群在该区域具有较高代表性与应用潜力，但仍需开展进一步研究，以依托科学管理方案助力其保护工作。