Data from: How do seasonality, substrate, and management history influence macrofungal fruiting assemblages in a central Amazonian Forest?

Worldwide, fungal richness peaks in tropical forest biomes where they are the primary drivers of decomposition. Understanding how environmental and anthropogenic factors influence tropical macrofungal fruiting patterns should provide insight as to how, for example, climate change and deforestation may impact their long-term demographic stability and evolutionary potential. However, in Amazonia no studies have yet to disentangle the effects of substrate, seasonality and forest history on phenology. Here, we quantitate spatial and temporal variation in community structure of fruiting macrofungi in relation to these factors at a long-term forest management research site in central Amazonia: the Biomass and Nutrients of Tropical Rain Forest (BIONTE's). Basidiome surveys of four substrate classes (leaves, soil, branches and trunks) were conducted along 250 m2 transects in primary and secondary (managed) forests, between 2012–13. From the 669 basidiomes collected, 290 taxa were identified of which 44 percent were restricted to primary and 36 percent to secondary forests. Although species-accumulation curves did not asymptote, rarefaction analyses and Fisher's alpha indicate contrasting differences in richness among forests in relation to substrate type. For example, leaf litter basidiome richness was higher in secondary forests, whereas the contrary was observed for soil communities, suggesting that variation in fruiting patterns in relation to disturbance is substrate-dependent possibly due to differences in necromass quality and/or understory micro-climates. Furthermore, secondary forests harbored significantly lower basidiome richness and abundance in dry months, suggesting synergistic impacts of seasonality and management history on fruiting regimes.

全球范围内，真菌丰富度的峰值出现在热带森林生物群系中，它们是该生境分解过程的核心驱动者。明确环境与人为因素如何影响热带大型真菌（macrofungi）的出菇模式，可为理解气候变化、森林砍伐等过程如何作用于其长期种群稳定性与进化潜力提供关键视角。然而，目前亚马孙地区尚未有研究能够厘清基质（substrate）、季节性（seasonality）与森林历史（forest history）对大型真菌物候（phenology）的具体影响。本研究以亚马孙中部的长期森林管理研究样地——热带雨林生物量与养分（Biomass and Nutrients of Tropical Rain Forest, BIONTE）为研究平台，定量分析了该样地内大型真菌出菇群落结构的时空变异特征及其与上述因素的关联。研究于2012至2013年间，在原始林与次生（经营）林内沿250平方米的样带开展调查，覆盖叶片、土壤、枝条与树干4类基质的担子果（basidiome）样本。本次调查共采集到669份担子果，经鉴定隶属于290个分类单元，其中44%的类群仅分布于原始林，36%仅分布于次生林。尽管物种累积曲线（species-accumulation curves）未趋于渐近线，但稀疏分析（rarefaction analyses）与费希尔α（Fisher's alpha）多样性指数结果显示，不同森林类型间的真菌丰富度差异与基质类型显著相关。例如，次生林内的枯落物担子果丰富度更高，而土壤真菌群落则呈现相反的趋势，这表明出菇模式对干扰的响应依赖于基质类型，其潜在机制可能与残体质量（necromass quality）差异及/或林下微气候（understory micro-climates）差异有关。此外，次生林内旱季的担子果丰富度与丰度均显著更低，这表明季节性与经营历史对真菌出菇格局（fruiting regimes）存在协同影响。