Yield and must composition of grapevines subjected to phosphate fertilization in Southern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and must composition of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines subjected to phosphorus applications to a soil from a high-altitude region of Southern Brazil, during three crop seasons. Experiments 1 and 2 were carried out in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' commercial vineyards, respectively, in the municipality of Água Doce, located in the Midwestern region of the state of Santa Catarina. The soil from the two vineyards was classified as a Typic Humicryept. The used source of P was triple superphosphate (45% P2O5). From 2011 to 2013, at flowering, a total of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 kg ha-1 P2O5 were applied in the crown projection area, to the soil surface, without incorporation, in both vineyards. Soil and leaf P concentration, yield parameters, and must quality were evaluated. The increase in P availability decreased total titratable acidity and tartaric acid in the must of the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine in the 2013/2014 crop season and increased pH and total soluble solids in the must of the 'Chardonnay' grapevine in the 2011/2012 crop season. Phosphorus application to the soil increases the levels of available phosphorus, but does not result in higher yields for 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Chardonnay' grapevines.摘要：本研究旨在评估巴西南部高海拔地区土壤施加磷肥后，‘赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）’与‘霞多丽（Chardonnay）’葡萄的产量及葡萄汁（must）成分，并于三个葡萄生长季开展相关试验。试验1与试验2分别设于圣卡塔琳娜州（Santa Catarina）中西部阿瓜杜苏斯（Água Doce）市的商业化‘赤霞珠’与‘霞多丽’葡萄园。两处葡萄园的土壤均被归类为典型腐殖质冷凉淋溶土（Typic Humicryept）。供试磷源为重过磷酸钙（triple superphosphate），其有效五氧化二磷（P₂O₅）含量为45%。2011至2013年的花期，两处葡萄园均在冠幅投影区域的土壤表面施加0、10、20、40与80 kg·ha⁻¹的P₂O₅，且未进行翻土混施。本研究测定了土壤与叶片的磷浓度、产量相关参数以及葡萄汁品质。结果表明：在2013/2014生长季，赤霞珠葡萄汁的总可滴定酸度与酒石酸含量随土壤有效磷水平提升而降低；在2011/2012生长季，霞多丽葡萄汁的pH值与总可溶性固形物含量随有效磷水平提升而升高。土壤施加磷肥可提升土壤有效磷含量，但未能提升‘赤霞珠’与‘霞多丽’葡萄的产量。