Characteristics of Included Studies.

Over recent decades the use of smartphones for work purposes has burgeoned both within and beyond working hours. The aim of the study was to conduct a scoping review to explore the association between the use of smartphone technology for work purposes in off-job hours with employees’ self-reported work-life conflict. Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was adopted. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), Academic Search Complete, ProQuest Central, Web of Science, ProQuest Theses, Emerald, Business Source Complete, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar. Articles were eligible that reported on a sample of workers, were published in English between 1st January 2012 and 29th November 2023. The review was conducted and reported using a quality assessment checklist and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews). Data charting and synthesis was undertaken narratively, using the framework approach and thematic analysis. Twenty-three studies were identified, conducted in nine countries. Nineteen studies (83%) showed a significant association between increased use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict, with small-to-moderate effect sizes. This relationship was mediated by psychological detachment from work, and communication about family demands with one’s supervisor. Moderators either strengthened or attenuated the relationship between use of smartphone for work purposes in off job-hours and increased work-life conflict. Findings suggest that smartphone use during off-job hours is likely to impact negatively on work-life conflict, which has implications for employee wellbeing. Managers could play a key role in clarifying expectations about after-hours availability, reducing job pressure, advocating psychological detachment from work in off-job hours where it is appropriate, and creating a workplace culture where communication about the interplay between work and home life is encouraged. The protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WFZU6).近数十年来，用于工作场景的智能手机使用在工作时段与非工作时段均呈爆发式增长。本研究旨在开展一项范围综述（scoping review），探讨非工作时段使用智能手机技术开展工作与员工自我报告的工作-生活冲突之间的关联。 本研究采用了Arksey与O’Malley的方法学框架。检索范围涵盖PsycINFO、国际社会科学书目数据库（International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, IBSS）、Academic Search Complete、ProQuest Central、Web of Science、ProQuest学位论文库、Emerald、Business Source Complete、ScienceDirect、Scopus以及Google Scholar。 纳入标准为以劳动者群体为研究样本、于2012年1月1日至2023年11月29日期间以英文发表的研究论文。本综述通过质量评估清单与PRISMA-ScR（系统综述与元分析扩展范围综述首选报告条目，Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews）进行实施与报告。 数据提取与综合采用叙事性方式，结合框架分析法与主题分析法。本研究共纳入23项来自9个国家的研究。其中19项研究（占比83%）显示，非工作时段增加智能手机工作使用与加剧的工作-生活冲突之间存在显著关联，效应量为小至中等水平。 该关联可通过工作心理脱离以及与主管沟通家庭需求这两个中介变量进行解释。调节变量则会强化或弱化非工作时段智能手机工作使用与加剧工作-生活冲突之间的关联。 研究结果表明，非工作时段使用智能手机可能会对工作-生活冲突产生负面影响，这对员工福祉具有重要意义。管理者可在以下方面发挥关键作用：明确非工作时段的在岗期望、降低工作压力、在适宜场景下倡导员工在非工作时段脱离工作状态，以及营造鼓励沟通工作与家庭生活互动的职场文化。 本研究方案已在开放科学框架（Open Science Framework, OSF）平台注册（https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WFZU6）。