Summary of prior research and our work.

This paper proposes the use of machine learning models to predict one’s risk of having hypertension in the future using their routine health checkup data of their current and past visits to a health checkup center. The large-scale and high-dimensional dataset used in this study comes from MJ Health Research Foundation in Taiwan. The training data for models is separated into 5 folds and used to train 5 models in a 5-fold cross validation manner. While predicting the results for the test set, the voted result of 5 models is used as the final prediction. Experimental results show that our models achieve 69.59% of precision, 77.90% of recall, and 73.51% of F1-score, which outperforms a baseline using only the blood pressure of visitors’ last visits. Experiments also show that a visitor who performs a health checkup more often can be predicted better, and models trained with selected important factors achieve better results than those trained with Framingham risk score. We also demonstrate the possibility of using our models to suggest visitors for weight control by adding virtual visits that assume their body weight can be reduced in the near future to model input. Experimental results show that around 5.48% of the people who are with high Body Mass Index of the true positive cases are rejudged as negative, and a rising trend appears when adding more virtual visits, which may be used to suggest visitors that controlling their body weight for a longer time lead to lower probability of having hypertension in the future.本研究提出利用机器学习模型，基于受试者当前及过往于健康体检中心的常规体检数据，预测其未来罹患高血压的风险。本研究采用的大规模高维数据集，源自中国台湾地区MJ健康研究基金会（MJ Health Research Foundation）。我们将模型训练数据划分为5折，采用5折交叉验证的方式训练5个模型；在对测试集进行预测时，取5个模型的投票结果作为最终预测输出。实验结果表明，本研究的模型精确率达69.59%、召回率达77.90%、F1分数达73.51%，优于仅使用受试者末次体检血压数据的基线模型。此外实验还发现，体检频率更高的受试者，其预测效果更佳；基于筛选出的重要特征训练的模型，性能也优于采用弗雷明汉风险评分（Framingham Risk Score）训练的模型。本研究还验证了一种可行方案：通过向模型输入假设受试者近期可减轻体重的虚拟体检数据，利用模型为受试者提供体重控制建议。实验结果显示，在真阳性的高体重指数（Body Mass Index）受试者中，约5.48%的个体经模型重新判定为阴性；且随着虚拟体检次数增加，这一比例呈上升趋势。该结果可用于提示受试者：长期控制体重可降低未来罹患高血压的风险。