9-second gridded continental Australia change in effective area of similar ecological environments (cleared natural areas) for Amphibians 1990:2050 CanESM2 RCP 8.5 (CMIP5) (GDM: AMP_r2_PTS1)

Proportional change in effective area of similar ecological environments for Amphibians as a function of land clearing and change in long term (30 year average) climates between the present (1990 centred) and projected future (2050 centred) under the CanESM2 model (RCP 8.5) based on Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling (GDM) of compositional turnover. This metric describes the combined effects of climate change and land clearing on the area of similar ecological environments to each grid cell as a proportion. Each cell is compared with a sample of 60,000 points in both the present uncleared landscape and an alternative scenario (either present with clearing, or future with clearing), and the pairwise similarities summed (e.g. a completely similar cell will contribute 1, a dissimilar cell 0, with a range of values in between). Only cells which are flagged as uncleared contribute. For each time point, this describes the area of similar ecological environments, which will be low for rare environments and high for widely distributed environments. By dividing the test area by the current area, we are able to quantify the reduction in area as a function of land use/climate change. Values less than one indicate a reduction, values of 1 no change, and values greater than 1 (rare cases in the north) show an increase in similarecological environments. This metric was developed along with others for use in an assessment of the efficacy of the protected area system for biodiversity under climate change at continental and global scales, presented at the IUCN World Parks Congress 2014. It is described in the AdaptNRM Guide “Implications of Climate Change for Biodiversity: a community-level modelling approach”, available online at: www.adaptnrm.org. Data are provided in two forms: 1. Zipped ESRI float grids: Binary float grids (*.flt) with associated ESRI header files (*.hdr) and projection files (*.prj). After extracting from the zip archive, these files can be imported into most GIS software packages, and can be used as other binary file formats by substituting the appropriate header file. 2. ArcGIS layer package (*.lpk): These packages contain can be unpacked by ArcGIS as a raster with associated legend. Additionally a short methods summary is provided in the file 9sMethodsSummary.pdf for further information. Layers in this 9s series use a consistent naming convention: BIOLOGICAL GROUP _ FROM BASE_ TO SCENARIO_ ANALYSIS e.g. A_90_CAN85_S or R_90_MIR85_L where BIOLOGICAL GROUP is A: amphibians, M: mammals, R: reptiles and V: vascular plants

本数据集基于组成周转的广义相异模型（Generalised Dissimilarity Modelling, GDM），聚焦以1990年为中心的当前时段与以2050年为中心的未来预估时段（采用CanESM2模型的RCP 8.5情景）间，土地开垦与长期（30年平均）气候变化对两栖类相似生态环境有效面积的比例影响。
该量化指标描述了气候变化与土地开垦的联合效应，即各网格单元对应相似生态环境的面积占比。研究将每个网格单元与当前未开垦景观、两种替代情景（分别为当前已开垦景观、未来已开垦景观）中的60000个采样点进行比对，对两两间的相似性进行求和（例如完全相似的网格单元得分为1，完全相异得分为0，中间值对应不同相似程度）。仅标记为未开垦的网格单元参与计算。
针对每个时间节点，该指标表征相似生态环境的总面积——稀有生境对应较低数值，广布生境对应较高数值。通过将测试时段面积除以当前基准面积，可量化土地利用/气候变化导致的面积缩减比例：数值小于1代表面积缩减，等于1代表无变化，大于1的情况（北部区域偶有出现）则表示相似生态环境面积有所增加。
本指标与其他同类指标共同开发，用于评估大陆及全球尺度下保护区系统应对气候变化的生物多样性保护效能，相关成果曾在2014年世界自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN）世界公园大会上展示。其详细说明见于AdaptNRM指南 "Implications of Climate Change for Biodiversity: a community-level modelling approach"，可通过网址www.adaptnrm.org在线获取。
数据集以两种形式提供：
1. 压缩的ESRI浮点栅格文件：包含二进制浮点栅格文件（*.flt）、配套的ESRI头文件（*.hdr）与投影文件（*.prj）。从压缩包解压后，这些文件可导入绝大多数地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）软件，通过替换对应头文件的方式，亦可作为其他二进制文件格式使用。
2. ArcGIS图层包（*.lpk）：此类文件可由ArcGIS解压为带有配套图例的栅格图层。
此外，文件9sMethodsSummary.pdf中提供了简短的方法摘要以供进一步参考。
本9s系列图层采用统一命名规则：生物类群_基准时段_情景_分析类型，例如A_90_CAN85_S或R_90_MIR85_L，其中生物类群的缩写对应关系为：A=两栖类，M=哺乳类，R=爬行类，V=维管植物。