BodyMemoryBehavioral

Our bodies provide a necessary scaffold for memories of past events. Yet, we are just beginning to understand how fundamental feelings of one’s own body during the encoding of realistic events shape memory accuracy and phenomenology. Here, participants formed memories for immersive, lifelike events by watching pre-recorded 3D videos that involved a first-person view of a mannequin’s body through head mounted displays. We manipulated feelings of body ownership over the mannequin using a perceptual full-body illusion. Participants saw an object touch the mannequin and simultaneously felt touches on the corresponding location of their real body, which created an illusory sense of ownership over the mannequin. As a control condition, we disrupted the illusion by delivering seen and felt touches in an alternating pattern in half of the videos. Participants completed cued recall questions pertaining to event details and subjective ratings (i.e. degree of reliving, emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy) for each video immediately following encoding and one week later. Repeated-measures ANOVAs show that sensing the mannequin’s body as one’s own during encoding enhanced cued recall accuracy at both testing points, reliving at immediate testing, and emotional intensity, vividness, and belief in memory accuracy at delayed retrieval, compared to the disembodied control condition. These findings suggest that a basic sense of bodily selfhood provides a crucial foundation for the accurate and vivid reliving of the personal past. Acronyms: Sync = synchronous condition Async = asynchronous condition Ill = illusion Con = control CR = cued recall Imm = immediate Del = delayed Cent = central details Periph = peripheral details EI = emotional intensity Reliv = reliving Viv = vividness Bel = belief in memory accuracy我们的身体是过往事件记忆不可或缺的支撑框架。然而，我们目前才刚刚开始探明，在真实事件的编码阶段，个体自身身体的基础感知如何影响记忆的准确性与现象学特征。本研究中，参与者通过头戴式显示器（head mounted displays）观看预先录制的3D视频，以此对沉浸式、逼真的事件形成记忆，视频采用第一人称视角展示人体模型（mannequin）的身体。我们通过知觉性全身错觉（perceptual full-body illusion）操控参与者对人体模型的身体拥有感（body ownership）：参与者会看到一个物体触碰人体模型，同时自身真实身体的对应部位也会感受到触碰，由此产生对该人体模型的虚幻拥有感。作为对照条件，我们在一半视频中采用交替呈现视觉触碰与触觉触碰的模式，以此破坏该错觉。参与者在编码完成后即刻以及一周后，针对每个视频完成与事件细节相关的线索回忆（cued recall）问卷，并进行主观评分，评分维度包括再体验程度、情绪强度、生动性以及记忆准确性信念。重复测量方差分析（repeated-measures ANOVAs）结果显示，与非具身对照条件相比，编码阶段将人体模型身体感知为自身身体的操作，在两个测试时间点均提升了线索回忆的准确性，在即刻测试时提升了再体验程度，在延迟提取时则提升了情绪强度、生动性以及记忆准确性信念。上述研究结果表明，基础的身体自我觉知为个人过往经历的准确且生动的再体验提供了至关重要的基础。 缩写说明： Sync = 同步条件（synchronous condition） Async = 异步条件（asynchronous condition） Ill = 错觉（illusion） Con = 对照（control） CR = 线索回忆（cued recall） Imm = 即刻（immediate） Del = 延迟（delayed） Cent = 核心细节（central details） Periph = 外围细节（peripheral details） EI = 情绪强度（emotional intensity） Reliv = 再体验（reliving） Viv = 生动性（vividness） Bel = 记忆准确性信念（belief in memory accuracy）