Demographic parameters entered in the stochastic Leslie matrix (mean and standard errors) to project population size of Neanderthals according to different scenarii of Neanderthal time of extinction in Western Europe.

In order to make our model more likely, the demographic parameters used are not stable over such a long time, but they change stochastically every year.为使我们的模型更具合理性，所采用的人口统计参数（demographic parameters）在如此长的时间跨度内并非恒定不变，而是每年都会发生随机变化。