<b>An intercity investment network dataset of China based on the enterprise registration records (2000-2020)</b>

Intercity investment activities among enterprises reflect the flow of capital between cities, directly illustrating the economic connections between them. However, there is currently no publicly available dataset that captures this important feature. In this study, we introduce an intercity investment network (IIN) dataset for China, covering the period from 2000 to 2020, based on 17,273,411 pieces of large-scale enterprise registration records. The dataset represents 367 cities as nodes, with investment frequency between cities used as edge weights to construct both directed and undirected networks. It captures the spatiotemporal patterns of China's IIN, highlighting dynamic changes in economic connectivity over time and space. The data aligns closely with urban networks formed by China's population mobility and the economic gravity model, is consistent with official records and existing research findings, and satisfies the distance decay effect, validating its scientific reliability. This dataset provides unique opportunities for exploring economic interactions and functional organization between cities, and advancing urban network research in China.企业间的城际投资活动反映了城市间的资本流动，直接彰显了城市间的经济关联。然而，目前尚无公开数据集能够捕捉这一重要特征。本研究构建了覆盖2000年至2020年、基于17273411条大规模企业注册记录的中国城际投资网络（Intercity Investment Network, IIN）数据集。该数据集以367座城市作为节点，以城市间的投资频次作为边权重，分别构建了有向网络与无向网络，刻画了中国城际投资网络的时空格局，揭示了经济关联在时空维度上的动态变化。该数据集与中国人口流动形成的城市网络、经济引力模型所推导的网络高度契合，同时与官方统计数据及既有研究结论保持一致，且符合距离衰减效应，从而验证了其科学可靠性。本数据集为探索城市间的经济互动与功能组织、推动中国城市网络研究提供了独特的研究契机。