Clientelism and participation in public policies for rural development in Brazil

Abstract: The study discusses the permanence of clientelistic practices and their tensions with the participatory approach adopted within the framework of the Brazilian public policy of rural territorial development. It examines, in particular, the case of local implementation of the National Program of Territorial Development. The results come from the study of the Territorial Collegiate functioning and the projects implemented in the Águas Emendadas Territory in the Brazilian Midwest. It was used a socio-anthropological approach of patronage and political participation through the analysis of the social configuration and the relations of instrumentalization as much in as in the participatory spaces and the projects of this territory. The results show the existence of a not only social but also an affective dimension of clientele practice that can be analyzed as an asymmetrical reciprocity relationship based on the principle of anthropological reciprocity or as a process of unequal political exchange, considering political science approach.摘要：本研究探讨了庇护制实践的持久性，及其与巴西农村地域发展公共政策框架内所采用的参与式方法之间的张力。研究特别聚焦于全国领土发展计划（National Program of Territorial Development）的地方实施案例。本研究的分析素材源自对巴西中西部地区埃门达达斯水域（Águas Emendadas）领地内地域议事会（Territorial Collegiate）的运作情况，以及该地区落地项目的调研。本研究采用了聚焦庇护与政治参与的社会人类学研究路径，通过分析该领地内参与式空间与项目中的社会构型及工具化关系展开研究。结果表明，庇护制实践兼具社会维度与情感维度；从人类学互惠原则的视角出发，该实践可被界定为一种非对称互惠关系；若采用政治学研究路径，则可将其视为一种不对等的政治交换过程。