Diagnosis of biodiversity knowledge of vascular plants in protected areas of São Paulo state

Abstract Based on published data about occurrence of vascular plant species of São Paulo state, we analyzed the role of several protected areas (UCs) in the protection of these species, especially considering endemic or threatened ones. Of 648 ferns and lycophytes in the state, 71% occur in protected areas, 10 are endemics to São Paulo and 30 are threatened. Just under half of the threatened species of ferns and lycophytes were not registered in UCs, and three of these are endemic to the state. For seed plants, of 8,521 species recorded, 48% occur in UCs, 361 are endemics to the state and 676 are threatened. However, 65% of the threatened species are unprotected, and 51 of those are endemic to the state, most of them native to Atlantic Forest. Several UCs still have large lack of knowledge about their flora, of collection effort of botanical material and of record in herbaria, with particular emphasis on Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs). Our data reinforce the need for expansion of botanical collections in UCs, as well as the creation of new areas in the state, in order to protect threatened and endemic species of São Paulo flora.摘要：本研究基于已公开的圣保罗州维管植物（vascular plant）物种分布数据，分析了多个保护区（UCs）对该类物种的保护作用，重点关注特有物种与受威胁物种。该州共有648种蕨类与石松类植物，其中71%分布于保护区内；另有10种为圣保罗州特有种，30种为受威胁物种。近半数受威胁的蕨类与石松类植物未在保护区中被记录，其中3种为该州特有物种。针对种子植物，该州已记录的8521个物种中，48%分布于保护区内，361种为州特有种，676种为受威胁物种。然而，65%的受威胁种子植物未得到任何保护，其中51种为该州特有，且大多原产于大西洋森林（Atlantic Forest）。诸多保护区仍对其辖区内的植物区系、植物标本采集工作以及标本馆收录情况缺乏充分认知，这一问题在私人自然遗产保护区（Private Natural Heritage Reserves，简称RPPNs）中尤为突出。本研究数据进一步证实，亟需扩充保护区内的植物标本采集工作，并在圣保罗州增设新的保护区域，以切实保护该州植物区系中的受威胁与特有物种。