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Neuropathy is notably prevalent among patients with DM and Leprosy, frequently leading to the development of neuropathic ulcers. As a result, Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers are sometimes misdiagnosed as DM-related or overlooked entirely as a leprosy complication. This lack of recognition among healthcare professionals leads to frequent misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers. This case report highlights the challenges in accurately diagnosing Leprosy-related neuropathic ulcers, emphasizing the need for timely recognition and a deeper understanding of Leprosy-related neuropathy's conceptual, clinical, and therapeutic aspects. This is crucial to prevent delays in wound care and improve patient outcomes.周围神经病（Neuropathy）在糖尿病（Diabetes Mellitus, DM）与麻风病患者中患病率显著较高，且常诱发神经性溃疡。因此，麻风相关神经性溃疡有时会被误诊为糖尿病相关性神经性溃疡，或是完全被当作麻风病并发症而忽视。医护人员对该病症的认知不足，常导致麻风相关神经性溃疡出现误诊或延误诊断的情况。本病例报告阐明了麻风相关神经性溃疡的精准诊断难点，强调需及时识别该病症，并加深对麻风相关神经病的概念、临床及治疗维度的认知。这对避免伤口护理延误、改善患者预后至关重要。