Table_5_High-Fat Diets Led to OTU-Level Shifts in Fecal Samples of Healthy Adult Dogs.DOCX

High fat diets have been reported to negatively affect the microbiota in both mice and humans. However, there is a lack of studies in canine models. The variation among the gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy/physiology and typical diet compositions of these animal species may lead to vastly different results. Due to the large inclusion rate of dietary fat in pet food, it is critical to understand its effects in a canine model. Therefore, the study objective was to report the effects of high fat, low carbohydrate diets on the fecal microbiota in healthy adult dogs. Eight adult beagles were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments within each 15-day period of a replicated 4x4 Latin Square design. Diets contained 32% (T1), 37% (T2), 42% (T3), and 47% (T4) fat. T2, T3, and T4 were created by adding increasing levels of canola oil to T1, a commercially manufactured canned canine diet, which served as the control diet. Fresh fecal samples were collected during the last 5 days of each period for microbial analysis. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and paired-end 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. When comparing whole microbial communities using PERMANOVA, no significant differences were observed among treatments (P = 0.735). Individual OTUs were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with fixed effects of diet and room, and the random effects of period and animal. Out of the 100 most abundant individual OTUs, 36 showed significant differences in abundance based on treatment (q < 0.05). Overall, OTUs assigned to genera related to fat digestion increased while OTUs assigned to genera involved in carbohydrate digestion decreased. In conclusion, the microbial community adapted to dietary intervention without jeopardizing the health of the animals, evaluated by body condition score, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters.

高脂肪饮食已被报道对小鼠和人类肠道菌群产生负面影响。然而，在犬类模型方面的研究却相对匮乏。这些动物物种的胃肠道解剖/生理结构和典型饮食组成之间的差异可能导致结果大相径庭。鉴于宠物食品中脂肪含量的大幅增加，了解其在犬类模型中的影响至关重要。因此，本研究旨在报告高脂肪、低碳水化合物饮食对健康成年犬粪便微生物群的影响。在复制的4x4拉丁方设计的15天周期内，将8只成年比格犬随机分配到四种饮食处理中。饮食含有32%（T1）、37%（T2）、42%（T3）和47%（T4）的脂肪。T2、T3和T4通过向T1（一种商业制造的罐装犬用饮食）中添加不断增加的菜籽油而制成，T1作为对照饮食。在每个周期的最后5天收集新鲜粪便样本进行微生物分析。从粪便样本中提取DNA，并使用Illumina MiSeq平台进行配对末端16S rRNA基因扩增子测序。在比较整个微生物群落时，使用PERMANOVA分析，未观察到处理组之间存在显著差异（P = 0.735）。使用SAS的GLIMMIX程序进行个体操作分类单元（OTU）分析，固定效应为饮食和房间，随机效应为周期和动物。在100个最丰富的个体OTU中，有36个基于处理显示出显著差异（q < 0.05）。总体而言，与脂肪消化相关属的OTU数量增加，而与碳水化合物消化相关属的OTU数量减少。结论是，微生物群落适应了饮食干预，并未危及动物健康，这一结论通过体况评分、粪便特征和血液参数进行评估。