Nonreciprocal leaky wave

This work demonstrates a passive time-invariantleaky-wave antenna exhibiting nonreciprocal radiation based onmagnetized plasma in the Voigt configuration. The structurecomprises a plasma layer biased by a magnetic field, interfacedwith a dielectric substrate and air. Excited TM0 surface wavespropagate along the dielectric-air interface transition to radia-tive leaky-wave modes. Experimentally observed nonreciprocityincludes an 8 dB gain asymmetry between transmission andreception that is reversible via magnetic field polarity inver-sion. Multiple frequency bands exhibit three distinct radiationmechanisms with nonreciprocal fast-wave leakage and a trulyunidirectional leaky mode. These are predicted by the deriveddispersion relation. Radiation patterns under magnetized plasmaand unmagnetized plasma conditions confirm nonreciprocaltransmission exclusively in magnetized states. Simulations closelymatch measurements and validate tunable operational frequencyand nonreciprocal response through plasma density and magneticbias control. This platform enables passive nonreciprocity withouttime modulation and offers applications in communications,radar\/sensing systems, radar cross-section reduction, and RFfront-end optimization.