COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MICROBIOME COMPOSITION IN ORAL AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease-causing inflammation in periodontal tissue, leading to attachment loss and bone loss. In India, it affected 51% in 2020. The disease's microbial aetiology is polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis, with destructive inflammation and dysbiotic pathogens driving progression. Periodontal disease progression is driven by destructive inflammation and dysbiotic pathogens, leading to atherosclerosis and coronary syndromes. Classical risk factors like hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension contribute to most cases, with coronary atherosclerosis being the most common cause. Plaque disruption and thrombus in myocardial infarction, bacterial endocarditis, and systemic complications can be caused by oral surgical procedures, microbial toxins, and systemic inflammation. The hypothesis of polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis suggests that destructive inflammation and dysbiotic pathogens are driving the progression of periodontal disease. Interactions between P. gingivalis and Candida albicans aid P. gingivalis proliferation and mixed biofilm communities. Archaea may also play a role in periodontal diseases. Despite viral metagenomics and cultivation techniques, oral diseases have primarily focused on bacterial or fungal causes. Research involving human dental plaque and mouse disease models suggests that viruses may play a role in causing periodontal disease.metagenomics could help analyse the microbiome driving atherosclerotic plaque formation, providing insights into the presence of bacteriophages and oral commensal bacteria.There are limited studies have elevated the association between bacteriophage and cardiovascular disease, which related to the possible explanation regarding the role of the oral microbiome in apparently healthy individuals affected by cardiovascular disease . Integration of multi-omics bacteriophage in periodontal disease and elucidates the possibility of cardiovascular infection.Characteristics of phage diversity and their composition through metagenomics profile in cardiac patients with chronic periodontitis and to investigate phage role and its virulence genes in oral plaque and cardiac samples and examine the metabolic signature of bacteriophage activity in periodontal disease. Subgingival plaque, tongue swabs, and atherosclerotic plaque will be examined by two patients who will undergo cardiovascular bypass graft surgery. Metagenomics will be utilized to analyze the microbial profile. The oral microbiome and atherosclerotic plaque will be compared in terms of their microbiological profiles